1
Q
every action is a form of worship?
A
ibadah
2
Q
what are the 5 pillars?
A
shahadah
salah
zakah
sawm
hajj
3
Q
shahadah?
A
the declaration of faith which says “there is no god but God and Muhammad is his prophet”
4
Q
salah?
A
prayer, 5 times a day
5
Q
zakah?
A
charity, giving 2.5% of annual earnings to the poor
6
Q
sawm
A
fasting during the month of Ramadan
7
Q
hajj
A
pilgrimage to Makkah
8
Q
what does following the 5 pillars show?
A
a Muslim’s obedience to God
9
Q
what must the 5 pillars be carried out with?
A
niyyah, the true intention to submit to the will of God
10
Q
teaching about the 5 pillars from Muhammad?
A
“worship God, perform your 5 daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan and offer Zakah. Perform Hajj if you have the means”
11
Q
niyyah
A
having the right intention to worship God
12
Q
the statement of faith
A
this is Shahadah and it is heard throughout the days and lives of Muslims. They are announced in the adhan (call to prayer) and recited in each of the 5 daily prayers, these are also the first words whispered into a newborn baby’s ear and if possible the last words a dying Muslim hears
13
Q
conversion or reversion
A
there are no ceremonies or rituals to welcome someone to Islam, all someone needs to do to become a muslim is to recite the Shahadah
14
Q
teaching about paradise and god?
A
“whoever says: there is no god but God enters paradise”
15
Q
prayer?
A
salah, the second pillar. for many muslims, prayer is the most important way to worship God, it is a duty for all Muslims to pray 5 times a day. It is a physical, mental and spiritual activity that draws believers closer to God
16
Q
teaching about prayer
A
“prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing and the remembrance of God is grater”
17
Q
preparation for prayer
A
prayer should begin with a declaration of intent- niyyah, it must be a deliberate act to set aside a few minutes to docus on god
18
Q
wudu
A
before starting to pray, muslims must practise wudu, washing their hands, mouth, nose, face, arms, head and feet in a particular order. THis is an outwards sign of the inner cleanliness needed to face God
19
Q
when to pray?
A
Fajr- just after dawn
zuhr- just after midday
as’r- late afternoon
maghrib- just after sunset
isha- just after dark
20
Q
where can muslims pray?
A
somewhere safe and clean
21
Q
what direction do Muslims pray?
A
Qibla- towards Makkah
22
Q
rak’ah
A
a sequence of movements following a set parrern which make up the prayer routine, the different prayers during the day require different numbers of rak’ahs
23
Q
what do Muslims do during worship?
A
- stand quietly, reciting prayers from the qur’an
- bow low, with hands on knees
- prostrate on the floor, in submission to God
- kneel with feet folded under body
- stand, reciting “peace be upon you and God’s blessing” once facing the the right and once to the left
24
Q
aims of prayer
A
- constant reminder of the presence of God
- to show submission to the will of God
- to cleanse away the corruption of the world
- to unite all muslims
- to bring about peace in the world
- to remove sins
25
jumu'ah prayers
congregational prayers. On Fridays muslims come together at the mosque for jumu'ah prayers. Men are expected to attend these prayers but women typically pray at home. A key feature of jumu'ah prayers is the sermon (kutbah) gien by the imam
26
khutbah
sermon given by imam on a friday at zuhr prayers
27
Du'a
personal prayer- spontaneous opportunities to spend time in the presence of God
28
Missed prayers
if the reason for missing prayers is valid then it is fine to catch up later- however it would be seen as a sin to miss prayers regularly with no valid reason
29
missing prayers teaching?
"if one of you sleeps and misses a prayer...let him offer the prayer when he remembers" Hadith
30
why do Muslims pray 5 times a day?
- Prophet Muhammad's night journey- Muhammad is woken and taken on a winged horse to Jerusalem, then up through the 7 levels of heaven to the presence of God, where God reveals that Muslims must pray continuously, 50 times a day- Moses intervenes and says this is too much so it is agreed that they should pray 5 times a day
31
Zakah
- the 3rd pillar, the practice of charity
- Muslims should give 2.5% of their annual earnings to charity each year
-
32
why should Muslims be generous and kind
- it is a form of worship to be generous and kind for the benefit of humanity- zakah is associated with salah- what value is it to pray for others if you are not prepared to share with them
33
what is giving a sign of
cleansing and purity- Qur'an teaches that money can have a corrupting influence- it may cut us off from each other and God, Zakah allows Muslims to share wealth and offers a means of purification
34
why should wealth be shared?
it is not ours- wealth is given to us by God for the benefit of all humans- it is our duty to share the good fortune we have recieved, not hoard it for selfish reasons
35
why does Islam disapprove of gambling
money should be shared not wasted for personal satisfaction- gambling is a great sin because it makes people dependent on chance rather than relying on God to provide
36
what are humans?
khalifahs- Gods representatives on earth. We do not own the world but we are looking after it in trust for God- our possessions and wealth are all a loan from God
37
when did the practice of zakah begin?
when prophet Muhammad was the ruler in Madinah, after the first battles there were many orphans and widows and Muhammad instructed people to care for all those in need
38
teaching for zakah
"the one who looks after and works for a widow and for a poor person is like a warrior fighting for God's cause"
39
who recieves zakah?
the poor, needy, travellers. Today many Muslim aid agencies distribute zakah to support development in community projects in areas such as water supply, healthcare, education
40
sadaqah
giving from the heart- any good deed done out of compassion or generosity
41
sawm
fasting during Ramadan. Ramadan is the holiest month of the year and is a time dedicated to self discipline and spiritual reflection
42
fasting?
Muslims are expected to refrain from eating, drinking, smoking and sexual intercourse from dawn to dusk for the period of 29/30 days. They must also abstain from evil thoughts, harmful actions and unkind speech
43
when to fast?
the beginning of Ramadan is marked by the appearance of the crescent moon in the sky, signalling the start of the new month
44
when can food and drink be consumed during Ramadan?
eating and drinking must stop as soon as it becomes light and can start again at dusk
45
what meal is eaten before dawn during Ramadan?
suhur
46
what meal breaks the fast during Ramandan?
iftar, this often consists of dates and water before a bigger meal is shared- these meals are often very social events
47
celebrating the qur'an during Ramadan
Muslims gather for extra night prayers at the mosque, this includes a recitation of a section of the Qur'an each night so that by the end of the month the entire Qur'an has been recited
48
why do Muslims fast
- it is commanded by the Qur'an by God and follows the example of prophet Muhammad
- celebrates that God has given humans the Qur'an
- brings people closer to God
- reminder of the mercy and blessings of God
- helps Muslims identify with the poor
- promotes self control
- unites the ummah
49
who should fast?
everyone except for the very young, very old, sick, those who are travelling, breastfeeding etc
50
teaching for fasting
"so whoever among you is ill or on a journey- then an equal number of other days are to be made up"
51
Hajj
pilgrimage to Makkah- the only pillar that Muslims do not have to perform
52
who should go on Hajj
those who have enough money to do so and are physically and mentally fit enough to do so
53
importance of Makkah
- considered by Muslims to be the holiest city on earth
54
what has happened in Makkah?
- Ibrahim commanded to sacrifice his son Isma'il
- Ibrahim overcame a test from the devil
- Ibrahim's wife, Hajar searched for water in the desert and was shown the Zamzam well by an angel
- Ibrahim built the Ka'ba as a place of worship to Allah
- Prophet Muhammad was born
- Muhammad received revelations from God
55
ihram
purity
56
steps of Hajj?
1. tawaf- circling the Ka'ba 7 times
2. walking 7 times between the 2 hills of Mawah and Safa in memory of Hajar and her search for water
3. drinking from the Zamzam well
4. The Wukuf- standing before God on the plain of Arafat and the mount of mercy and forgiveness
5. collecting pebbles at Muzdalafah
6. throwing these pebbles at Mina to show rejection of the devil like Ibrahim
7. camping at Mina, sacrificing and animal
8. returning to Makkah to repeat the tawaf
57
how do Muslims enter a state of ihram?
- they dedicate themselves to humility and prayer, normal clothing is put away- men must wear 2 sheets of white, unsewn cloth, women must put on a plain, ankle length garment, but they can leave their faces uncovered
58
tawaf
circling the Ka'ba 7 times
59
what do many men do after Hajj?
shave their heads
60
climax of Hajj?
annual festival of Id-Ul-Adha
61
jihad
to strive- the struggle to live according to God's law
62
greater Jihad
the daily struggle with oneself, it is the desire and commitment to live the perfect Muslim life.
63
perfect Muslim life?
- to perform and practise 5 pillars with devotion
- practise the path set out by Prophet Muhammad
- seek justice and fairness for all
- rise above one's own greed and selfishness
64
battle against laziness teaching?
"God i seek thy protection against helplessness and laziness and against cowardice and miserliness" - this teaching describes greater jihad
65
teaching to encourage Muslims to do right?
"whoever amongst you sees an evil he must change it with his hand. If he is not able to do so then with his tongue. And if he is not able to do so then with his heart, and that is the weakest form of faith"
66
respect for beliefs of others teaching?
"to you be your religion and to me, mine"
67
lesser jihad
holy war, the struggle to remove evil from society- this should only be used in self defence
68
lesser jihad teaching?
"to those against whom war is made, permission is given to fight because they are wronged"
69
origin of lesser jihad?
during Prophet Muhammad's lifetime when he gave his faithful followers authorisation to fight. Muhammad's enemies in Makkah planned to wipe out all Muslims and so they believed there was no choice other than to engage in conflict
70
what do some say true jihad?
war with such a pure motive- e.g the war Muhammad fought to establish religious freedom is true jihad
71
rules about jihad?
it must never be aggressive, Muslims must never be the first to attack- if it is agreed that a war is jihad then it is a duty to fight back, but only against those that are attacking you- never civilians
72
who can declare jihad
a muslim leader who is holy and pure and has the support of the whole Muslim community
73
example of jihad in the past?
the crusades, when Muslims fought against the Christian crusaders in the middle ages
74
jihad today
- today Muslims agree that a holy war can only be called against an aggressor that threatens Islam
- some islamic extremist groups argue that the attack on the world trade centre in 2001 was an act of jihad- however moderate Muslims reject this idea as it hurt and targeted innocent civilians and so fails the test set by the Qur'an
75
festivals and commemoration
occasions to worship and remember the presence of God
76
what does the qur'an forbid?
indulgence and extravagence
77
teaching about indulgence?
"he is not a Muslim who goes to bed with a full stomach while his neighbour goes hungry"
78
2 main festivals in Islam
Id-ul-Adha
Id-ul-Fitr
79
important days for Muslims
- Mawlid an-Nabi: the birth of the prophet- celebration of the birth of Prophet Muhammad
- Laylat-ul-Qadr- the night of power. This marks the date the Qur'an was first revealed
- Laylat-ul-Miraj- the night journey- Muhammad's journey to jerusalem then heaven on a winged horse
- Laylat-ul-Bara'at- night of the full moon the month before Ramadan when Muhammad used to begin his preparations
Muharram- 1st month of Muslim calendar and remembers the hijrah
80
hijrah
when Muhammad and his followers fled from Makkah to establish the first Muslim community in Madinah, Shi'a Muslims also observe this as the month when Husayn was martyred
81
Id-ul-Adha
the festival of sacrifice and the most important event in the Muslim calendar. It marks the end of Hajj and is a chance for Muslims to worship and celebrate together
82
what do Muslims do on Id-ul-Adha
- they remember the story of Ibrahim, when he was willing to sacrifice his son to show his love for God- at the last minute a voice told him to kill a sheep instead
- today an animal such as a sheep or a goat is killed as part of the commemoration
- go to the mosque to pray and listen to an Id prayer
- wearing new clothes
- visiting friends and relatives
83
why does God like the sacrifice of an animal?
it shows personal dedication and sacrifice- "their meat will not reach God, nor will their blood, but what reaches him is piety from you"
84
preparations for Id-ul-Adha
- gifts are bought
- new clothes made
- food prepared in advance
- arrangements made for the sacrifice
85
what is a tradition at Id-ul-Adha and how is this tradition carried out in the UK
it is traditional for each Muslim family or community to buy and sacrifice their own animal, but in Britain it is illegal to kill an animal without a licence and most families do not have the space or skill to keep and kill a sheep or goat. People may ask a butcher to slaughter a sheep for them and they will then share it amongst family and neighbours as a communal meal- giving some of the meat to the poor is a sacred duty
86
Id-ul-Fitr
the festival of fast breaking
87
what is Id-ul-Fitr?
a joyful, 3 day celebration which takes place at the end of Ramadan, on the start of the new month of shawwal. It is a reward for the completion of a month of fasting, Muslims thank God for giving them the strength and self control to complete the month of fasting. The festival begins when the new moon is observed in the sky
88
celebrating Id-ul-Fitr in Britain
- Muslims will decorate their houses with colourful lights, banners and flags
- dress in their finest, newest clothes
- gather in early mosques or outdoors for congregational prayers
- visit friends and family
- send cards
- visit cemetery to remember loved ones
- give gifts and money to children
- share a delicious meal
- give generously to the poor
89
zakat-ul-fitr
festival tax. In addition to the annual 2.5% zakah tax, muslims are expected to pay zakat-ul-fitr. This donation, given at the end of Ramadan goes to the poor and allows everyone, including those in poverty, to eat a generous meal at Id-ul-Fitr
90
ashura
day of sorrow and inspiration
91
ashura in sunni Islam
a day of fasting. It is an occasion to thank God for saving the Israelites from the Pharaoh. Sunni Muslims remember how Musa fasted in gratitude to God for opening the red sea
92
ashura in Shi'a Islam
the martyrdom of Husayn. For Shi'a, this day remembers the death of the grandson of the prophet Muhammad's grandson, Husayn in battle. They remember the betrayal and death of Husayn with a deep sense of injustice
93
shi'a celebration of ashura
- emotionally charged day
- processions, plays and public displays of grief
- blood is often spilled
- men and women dress in black and march through the streets
- men beat themselves with hands or chains
94
ashura in Britain
many will fast and pray, shi'as gather in large crowds and take part in public marches. Men often slap their chests, those who want to lose blood may donate it instead
95
10 obligatory acts- Furu ad-Din
1. salah
2. sawm
3. hajj
4. zakah
5. khums
6. jihad
7. amr-bil-maroof
8. nahil anril munkar
9. tawalia
10. tabarra
96
salah in 10 obligatory acts
- prayer
- 5 daily prayers, but Muslims combine these into 3, prayer times are:
- between dawn and sunrise
- just after noon
- at dusk, just after sunset
they do this because they say that Muhammad allowed this combination of prayers
97
sawm in 10 obligatory acts
fasting. Like sunnis, Shi'as practise fasting during the month of Ramadan, but from the 20th day of Ramadan they remember the death of Sli (son in law of the prophet) and spend 3 days in mourning
98
hajj in 10 obligatory acts
- like sunnis, shi'as go on the annual pilgrimage to Makkah in the 12th month of the Muslim calendar.
- in addition to Hajj they also make pilgrimages to shi'a shrines and graves- in particular visiting the grave of Husayn
99
zakah in 10 obligatory acts
- like sunnis, shi'as have an annual 2.5% tax on their wealth, this goes to support the poor and those in ned
100
khums in 10 obligatory acts
- wealth tax, in addition to zakah, shi'a are expected to pay khums, which is a wealth tax of 20% of their savings. This money is paid to Muslim scholars and community leaders for the welfare of the community.
101
jihad in 10 obligatory acts
- meaning to strive
- the duty to struggle against sin
- for the sake of God, Muslims should fight against injustice, removing any obstacles that might prevent them from being able to worship God
102
Amr-bil-Maroof in 10 obligatory acts
- encouraging others to do goof
- the central purpose of Islam is to create a society where people can live in peace and harmony. Therefore it is the duty of all Muslims to encourage others to do good, for the sake of God
- In the hadith, Muhammad promises that the person who persuades someone else to do a good deed will get the same reward as the person he persuaded
103
teaching for Amr-bil-Maroof
"and let there be arising from you a nation inviting to all that is good, enjoying what is right and forbidding what is wrong and those will be the successful"
104
Nahil Anril Munkar in 10 obligatory acts
- discouraging the bad
- it is the duty of all Muslims to forbid evil
- when someone sees a wrong, they should correct it
- it is the responsibility of the ummah to discourage others from harmful actions such as bribery, corruption and dishonesty
- this applies to individuals, families and the whole society
105
tawalia 10 obligatory acts
- to love the friends of God
- Tawalia means having love for God and for the Prophet Muhammad
- we should love all those who are friends of God- people who are truthful and kind, honest and fair
- we should try and associate ourselves with people who are kind and trustworthy
- for shi'a Muslims this also involves having love for the 12 infallible imams who are the descendants of prophet Muhammad
106
tabarra 10 obligatory acts
- to hate the evil doers
- Muslims believe it is important to dissociate themselves from the enemies of God. We should hate, and separate ourselves from people who are impure and those who oppress others. However Muslims often disagree on who the enemies of God are
R.S
flashcards
Decks in class (9)
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