What are the two phases of metabolism?
Phase1: Catabolism (break-down), Phase2: Anabolism (Build-up)
What are 5 metabolic adaptations to endurance training?
- Increased muscle glycogen storage capacity, 2. Increased muscle mitochondrial density, 3. Increased resting ATP content in muscles, 4. Increased resting creatine phosphate content in muscles, 5. Increased resting creatine content in muscles
What are anaerobic training adaptations?
- Increased size/number of fast-twitch fibers, 2. Increased tolerance to higher levels of blood lactate, 3. Increased enzymes for anaerobic glycolysis, 4. Increased ATP/CP and glycogen storage, 5. Increased growth hormone and testosterone after high-intensity training
What are the 8 levels of organization in the body?
- Atomic, 2. Molecular, 3. Organelle, 4. Cell, 5. Tissue, 6. Organ, 7. Organ system, 8. Organism
What are 4 key functions of fatty acids?
- Structural role in membranes, 2. Endocrine regulation, 3. Essential for fat-soluble vitamins, 4. Energy storage
What are the main cellular components?
Plasma cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi body, apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria
What are the 4 tissue types in the body?
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
What are the 10 systems of the human body?
Digestive, endocrine, immune, integumentary, circulatory/lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, urinary
What are 4 functions of the skeletal system?
- Structural integrity, 2. Production of blood, 3. Storage of fat and minerals, 4. Organ protection
What is the total number of bones in the human skeleton?
206
How many bones in the axial skeleton?
80
How many bones in the appendicular skeleton?
126
What are the 3 layers that constitute bone?
Compact, cancellous, osteoblast
What are the 5 bone categories?
Flat, long, short, irregular, sesamoid
What are the 6 joint categories?
Pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid, ball-and-socket
What are the 3 types of muscle in the body?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What micronutrients need to be supplemented in a gluten-free diet?
B1, B2, B3, E, folate, iron, magnesium
What are the 3 types of muscular contractions?
Concentric: muscle shortens, Eccentric: muscle lengthens, Isometric: length constant
What are the 4 types of muscular movement?
Isometric, isotonic, eccentric, concentric
What are the 3 imaginary planes?
Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse
What are the 4 elements of force?
Magnitude, Point of application, Line of action, Direction
What are 3 abnormal postural deviations?
Lordosis: lumbar curve, Scoliosis: lateral curve, Kyphosis: upper spine rounding
What are the 3 main parts of the spine and vertebrae count?
Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5
Which bones make up the knee?
Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella
