Issues in Aging

Question 1

1. An increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
   a. The “____ ____”: 65 to 74 years of age

Answer 1

Young Old

Question 2

1. An increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
   a. The “Young Old”: 65 to 74 years of age
   • i) The first wave of aging Baby Boomers reached full
   retirement age in ________.

Answer 2

2011

Question 3

1. An increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
   a. The “Young Old”: 65 to 74 years of age
   ii) For the next 20 years, ____ million Boomers will
   retire.

Answer 3

74

Question 4

1. Increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
   b. The “_____”: 75 to 84 years of age

Answer 4

Old

Question 5

1. Increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
   b. The “Old”: 75 to 84 years of age
   • i) During the next decade, increased life ______
   will strengthen the wave of aging Boomers and
   steadily increase their total number.

Answer 5

expectancy

Question 6

1. Increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
   c. The “____-_____”: 85+ years of age

Answer 6

Oldest-Old

Question 7

c. The “Oldest-Old”: 85+ years of age
i) The fastest-growing segment of the total population is the oldest old, those 85 and over. Their growth rate is twice that of those 65 and over and almost ____times that for the total population, with the greatest increase in women.

Answer 7

4

Question 8

In 2011, there were ___ million older adults (13% of the United States population) vs. 3.1 million older adults in 1900.

Answer 8

38

Question 9

There is an increasing ethnic, racial, and cultural _____ in the older adult population.

Answer 9

diversity

Question 10

4. Elderly poverty levels: ____% of older adults live below the poverty line with:

Answer 10

15.9%

Question 11

4. Elderly poverty levels: 15.9% of older adults live below the poverty line with:
   a. ___% of African-American older adults

Answer 11

18%

Question 12

4. Elderly poverty levels: 15.9% of older adults live below the poverty line with:
   b. ___% of Hispanic-American older adults

Answer 12

18%

Question 13

4. Elderly poverty levels: 15.9% of older adults live below the poverty line with:
   c. ___% of Asian-American older adults

Answer 13

10.3%

Question 14

4. Elderly poverty levels: 15.9% of older adults live below the poverty line with:
   d. ____% of Caucasian-American older adults

Answer 14

6.8%

Question 15

Caring for the Aging and Elderly:

1. Age ______ complications.

Answer 15

increases

Question 16

Caring for the Aging and Elderly:

2. Life expectancy at birth in the United States is ____ years for females and 75.7 years for males.

Answer 16

80.8

Question 17

Caring for the Aging and Elderly:

a. A decline in any organ system is usually due to _____, not “‘the aging process.”

Answer 17

disease

Question 18

Caring for the Aging and Elderly:

b. Must recognize the difference between ____ aging vs. normal age related changes

Answer 18

abnormal

Question 19

Caring for the Aging and Elderly:

3. ___________ patients are at a greater risk of complications and atypical presentations.

Answer 19

Immunocompromised

Question 20

Caring for the Aging and Elderly:

4.Reduced ability to maintain homeostasis increases in age, with the average onset beginning at age ____ and manifested in organs by age 50.

Answer 20

30

Question 21

Key Organ Systems Most Vulnerable to Illness or Disease in the Elderly

1. ___________
2. Musculoskeletal
3. Lower urinary tract
4. CNS

Answer 21

Circulatory

Question 22

7. The organ system usually associated with a particular symptom is less likely to be the source of that symptom in older adults than in younger adults.
   a. Drug side effects pronounced at ___ doses
   b. Many compensatory mechanisms are compromised
   concurrently.

Answer 22

low

Question 23

Predominant Presentations of Illness/Disease in the Elderly

1. _______
2. Dementia
3. Falls
4. Incontinence
5. Functional decline
6. Syncope
7. The organ system usually associated with a particular symptom is less likely to be the source of that symptom in older adults thin in younger adults.
   a. Drug side effects pronounced at low doses
   b. Many compensatory mechanisms are compromised concurrently.

Answer 23

Delirium

Question 24

Critical gerontology functions for nurse practitioners

   a. Health promotion
   b. \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
   c. Disease prevention
   d. Facilitation of self- care

Answer 24

Health maintenance

Question 25

Top eight most common conditions in older adults a. ___________ b. Hypertension c. Heart disease d. Respiratory disease e. Diabetes mellitus f. Cancer g. Cerebrovascular disease h. Atherosclerosis/Alzheimer's disease

Answer 25

Parkinson's

Question 26

Top ten most common reasons for older adults to be hospitalized a. Heart disease b. __________ c. Cerebrovascular disease d. Pneumonia e. Fractures f. Bronchitis g. Osteoarthritis h. Diabetes mellitus i. Disease of the nervous system or sense organs j. Prostate hyperplasia

Answer 26

Cancer

Question 27

Top twelve most common causes of death among older adults a. Heart disease b. Cancer c. Cerebrovascular disease d. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) e. Pneumonia and influenza f. Diabetes mellitus g. ____________ h. Alzheimer's disease i. Septicemia j. Atherosclerosis k. Hypertension

Answer 27

Accidents

Question 28

Adjustment in Aging 1. Declining health/functional status a. Difficulty with accepting ______ efficiency of the body

Answer 28

declining

Question 29

``` Adjustment in Aging 2. Increased mortality awareness a. Older adults become more aware of their own death. b. Interest develops in: • i) Fulfilling own dreams • ii) Deepening religious convictions • iii) ________ family ties • iv) Leaving a legacy ```

Answer 29

Strengthening

Question 30

Adjustment in Aging 3. Income and employment issues a. The economic profile of many elderly is poor. For example, approximately __/__ live below the poverty line.

Answer 30

1/6

Question 31

Adjustment in Aging b. Retirement income is often much ____ than one's working salary, resulting in a major lifestyle change.

Answer 31

less

Question 32

Adjustment in Aging Lifestyle changes may include: • i) Relocation to less expensive ________ • ii) Change in social practices • iii) Change in diet • iv) Lowering of independence

Answer 32

housing

Question 33

Adjustment in Aging c. Social Security is the primary source of income for many. In June 2012, the average Social Security retirement benefit was $______/month, or about $14,800/year.

Answer 33

1,267

Question 34

Adjustment in Aging | For 36% of elders, Social Security provides more than ____% of their income.

Answer 34

90%

Question 35

Adjustment in Aging | For ____% of elderly beneficiaries, Social Security is the sole source of retirement income.

Answer 35

24

Question 36

Adjustment in Aging 4. Retirement a. One's worth and identity are often associated with _________.

Answer 36

productivity

Question 37

Adjustment in Aging 4. Retirement b. Individuals defined by work ______ rather than personal characteristics.

Answer 37

role

Question 38

5. Family changes a. The family unit is traditionally viewed as a major source of _______ and is a key source of support by softening the multiple losses and changes in life. b. Adjustment to the independence of children

Answer 38

satisfaction

Question 39

5. Family changes c. Limited extended family interaction in today's society • Children are less "_______" for aging parents.

Answer 39

responsible

Question 40

5. Family changes | d. Death of a spouse; affects more _____ than _____

Answer 40

women than men

Question 41

6. Shrinking social world a. Loneliness and desolation b. Children are grown mad gone c. Loss of ____ and friends

Answer 41

spouse

Question 42

7. Hearing and speech deficits present communication barriers. Danger signs that indicate an elderly person needs extra help and/or a change in living environment: a. Sudden ____ ____ b. Bums or injury marks c. Peculiar behavior of any kind d. Failure to take medication or over-dosing e. Increased car accidents f. General forgetfulness

Answer 42

weight loss

Question 43

8. If danger signals are apparent, all housing options should be discussed and analyzed. a. ____ ___ ____: The elderly person continues to live in his/her own place of residence, usually a community not designed as a retirement community, but one which contains amenities that assist the elder extensively, making aging in place easier.

Answer 43

Aging in place

Question 44

Retirement communities a. Adult congregate communities • i) Residents buy condominiums and pay a monthly fee for grass mowing, leaf raking, and other services. • ii) A medical center is on-site with 24/7 ____ service.

Answer 44

nursing

Question 45

Retirement communities b. Assisted living communities • i) Rental retirement communities for seniors who need assistance with complex instrumental activities of daily living (including cooking, shopping, money _________, etc.) • ii) Three meals per day, maid, and laundry service • 24/7 registered nurse on call provided in the rental agreement

Answer 45

management

Question 46

Retirment Communities: c. Continuing care communities • i) Provides a continuum of care, from 24/7 independent living care to special nursing home care ii) Individual must be _______ when he or she enters the community • iii) Expensive, requires monthly fees

Answer 46

independent

Question 47

d. Board and care i) Similar to assisted living ii) Single-family house which has been converted into a residence for _____ and disabled residents

Answer 47

elderly

Question 48

e. Subsidized housing for the elderly • i) Subsidized by the Department of Housing and Urban Development for low income elderly in good health • ii) 24/7 nursing care is ____ provided • iii) Blood pressure and basic: checkups are available every day by on-site nurses.

Answer 48

not

Question 49

Nursing facilities a. ____ ____ _____ • i) 24-hour nursing for people with serious health care needs but who do not require hospitalization (e.g., rehabilitating a broken hip, treating an infection with IV antibiotics, managing behavioral problems due to dementia, etc.) • ii) Admission is prescribed by a physician

Answer 49

Skilled nursing facilities

Question 50

Nursing facilities b. _____ ____ ______ •i) Less extensive health care alternative than skilled nursing facilities • ii) Mainly for people not able to live alone but who need minimum medical assistance and help with personal/social care

Answer 50

Intermediate care facilities