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itc Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What does computing encompass?

A
  • Theory
  • Programming
  • Development of computing solutions

Computing ranges from theoretical concepts to practical applications in technology.

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2
Q

The work of computer scientists includes which of the following?

A
  • Designing and building software
  • Developing effective ways to solve computing problems
  • Devising new and better ways of using computers

These tasks are fundamental to advancing technology and software development.

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3
Q

What is the focus of Information Systems (IS)?

A
  • Information provision for organizations
  • Processes that can be improved using information technology

IS aids organizations in achieving their goals through effective use of technology.

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4
Q

IS professionals must understand which factors?

A
  • Technical factors
  • Organizational factors

This understanding helps in leveraging technology for superior organizational performance.

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5
Q

What does Information Technology (IT) prepare students for?

A
  • Meeting computer technology needs of various sectors

IT encompasses business, government, healthcare, and educational needs.

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6
Q

What skills do IT professionals possess?

A
  • Knowledge of IT infrastructure
  • Practical, hands-on expertise
  • Ability to select hardware and software
  • Installation, customization, and maintenance of applications

IT professionals play a crucial role in managing technology within organizations.

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7
Q

What is the role of an IT Consultant?

A

Expertise in a specialized area of computers

IT consultants provide guidance on technology-related decisions.

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8
Q

What is certification in the context of IT?

A
  • Verifying technical knowledge
  • Enhancing career prospects

Certification is important for professional credibility in the IT industry.

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9
Q

Define Artificial Intelligence (AI).

A

Computer systems mimicking human intelligence

AI performs tasks like image recognition, speech recognition, and decision-making.

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10
Q

What is Machine Learning?

A

Computers learn by discovering patterns from data

This allows computers to perform tasks they were not explicitly programmed to do.

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11
Q

What does Robotic Process Automation (RPA) involve?

A

Automating business processes using software

RPA can handle tasks like transaction processing and data management.

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12
Q

Define Blockchain.

A

Data that can only be added to, not changed

Blockchain technology is consensus-driven and ensures data integrity.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of Edge Computing?

A

Solving cloud computing latency issues

Edge computing processes data closer to the source to improve response times.

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14
Q

What does Virtual Reality (VR) do?

A

Immerses the user in an environment

VR creates a simulated experience for the user.

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15
Q

What is Augmented Reality (AR)?

A

Enhances the user’s environment

AR overlays digital information onto the real world.

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16
Q

Define Cyber Security.

A

Evolving technology to defend against hackers

Cyber security is crucial for protecting sensitive information.

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17
Q

What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

A

Devices connected to the Internet exchanging data

IoT includes everyday objects like home appliances and cars.

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18
Q

What is a computer?

A

An electronic device operating under stored instructions

Computers process data and perform tasks based on user input.

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19
Q

What is the Information Processing Cycle?

A
  • Input
  • Processing
  • Output
  • Storage

This cycle describes how computers handle data.

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20
Q

What is a Personal Computer?

A

A computer that performs all activities by itself

Personal computers are designed for individual use.

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21
Q

Define a Mobile Device.

A

A computing device small enough to hold in your hand

Mobile devices include smartphones and tablets.

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22
Q

What is a Game Console?

A

A mobile computing device designed for video games

Game consoles provide entertainment through gaming.

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23
Q

What is a Server?

A

Controls access to network resources

Servers manage hardware and software resources for multiple users.

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24
Q

Define a Mainframe.

Study These Flashcards
A

Large, powerful computer for thousands of users

Mainframes are used in large organizations for critical applications.

25
What is a **Supercomputer**?
Fastest, most powerful computer processing over one quadrillion instructions per second ## Footnote Supercomputers are used for complex simulations and calculations.
26
What is an **Embedded Computer**?
Special-purpose computer in a larger product ## Footnote Embedded computers are found in devices like appliances and vehicles.
27
What is **data**?
Raw, unprocessed, meaningless ## Footnote Data becomes meaningful when processed into information.
28
Define **information**.
Processed data that is meaningful ## Footnote Information is essential for decision-making.
29
What is **software**?
Program that tells the computer what tasks to perform ## Footnote Software is crucial for operating computers and applications.
30
What is an **Operating System**?
System software that manages hardware ## Footnote The operating system is essential for running applications and managing resources.
31
What is **Application Software**?
Programs for specific tasks ## Footnote Application software allows users to perform various functions on a computer.
32
What is a **System Unit**?
Case containing electronic components of a computer ## Footnote The system unit houses the main hardware components.
33
What is a **Motherboard**?
Main circuit board of the system unit ## Footnote The motherboard connects all components of a computer.
34
What does a **Computer Chip** contain?
Integrated circuits ## Footnote Computer chips are essential for processing data.
35
What is the function of the **Processor (CPU)**?
Interprets and carries out basic instructions ## Footnote The CPU is often referred to as the brain of the computer.
36
What does the **Control Unit** do?
Directs and coordinates operations in the computer ## Footnote The control unit is a key component of the CPU.
37
What is the **Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)** responsible for?
* Performing arithmetic operations * Comparison operations * Logical operations ## Footnote The ALU is crucial for executing calculations and logical decisions.
38
What is the **Machine Cycle**?
Four basic operations repeated by the processor ## Footnote The machine cycle includes fetching, decoding, executing, and storing.
39
What is **Clock Speed** measured in?
Gigahertz (GHz) ## Footnote Clock speed determines how fast a processor can execute instructions.
40
What is **Memory** in a computer?
Electronic components that store instructions and data ## Footnote Memory is essential for processing tasks and storing results.
41
What is **Volatile Memory**?
Loses contents when power is turned off ## Footnote An example of volatile memory is RAM.
42
What is **Nonvolatile Memory**?
Does not lose contents when power is removed ## Footnote Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS.
43
What does **DRAM** do?
Stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor ## Footnote DRAM is commonly used for main memory in computers.
44
What is **SRAM**?
Has standby, reading, and writing states ## Footnote SRAM is faster than DRAM and is used in cache memory.
45
What does **MRAM** use for storage?
Magnetic storage elements ## Footnote MRAM is known for its speed and non-volatility.
46
What is a **Hard Disk Drive (HDD)**?
Non-volatile storage using rotating magnetic platters ## Footnote HDDs are commonly used for long-term data storage.
47
What is a **DVD**?
Optical disc storage media for video and data ## Footnote DVDs are widely used for movies and software distribution.
48
What is a **Blu-ray Disc** used for?
High-definition video and data storage ## Footnote Blu-ray discs offer greater storage capacity than DVDs.
49
What is a **USB Flash Drive**?
NAND-type flash memory device with a USB interface ## Footnote USB flash drives are portable and convenient for data transfer.
50
What is a **Memory Card**?
Solid-state flash memory storage device ## Footnote Memory cards are commonly used in cameras and smartphones.
51
What is the purpose of a **Keyboard**?
Used to type data into the computer ## Footnote Keyboards are essential input devices for computers.
52
What are **Pointing Devices**?
Devices that move objects on the screen ## Footnote Examples include mice and trackpads.
53
What does a **Scanner** do?
Converts images into dots the computer can understand ## Footnote Scanners are used for digitizing documents and photos.
54
What is a **Digital Camera** used for?
Taking electronic pictures ## Footnote Digital cameras capture images in a digital format.
55
What is the function of a **Microphone**?
Used to input sound into a computer ## Footnote Microphones are essential for audio recording and communication.
56
What does a **Monitor** display?
Soft copy of processed information ## Footnote Monitors are output devices that show visual data.
57
What is the purpose of a **Printer**?
Produces hard copy of information ## Footnote Printers are used to create physical documents from digital data.
58
What do **Speakers** output?
Sound ## Footnote Speakers are output devices that reproduce audio.
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