ITM 1

Question 1

What does the P-O-L-C framework stand for?

Answer 1

Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling.

Question 2

What is the focus of strategic planning?

Answer 2

Long-term goals (3+ years), top-level management.

Question 3

What is tactical planning?

Answer 3

Mid-range plans (1–3 years), handled by middle management.

Question 4

What is operational planning?

Answer 4

Short-term plans (<1 year) focusing on specific actions.

Question 5

What are Katz’s 3 essential leadership skills?

Answer 5

Technical, Conceptual, and Interpersonal skills.

Question 6

What are the Big Five personality dimensions?

Answer 6

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (OCEAN).

Question 7

What influences our perception of others?

Answer 7

Values, needs, and emotions.

Question 8

What are work attitudes?

Answer 8

Feelings we have toward different aspects of our work environment.

Question 9

What two key attitudes most affect outcomes?

Answer 9

Job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

Question 10

What factors influence work attitudes?

Answer 10

Individual characteristics, perceptions, psychological contract, relationships, and stress levels.

Question 11

Why must managers consider both the individual and the situation?

Answer 11

Because both affect behavior and performance.

Question 12

What is leadership?

Answer 12

The ability to influence others to work toward a goal.

Question 13

What are formal leaders?

Answer 13

Leaders who use positional power to influence others.

Question 14

What are informal leaders?

Answer 14

Leaders who influence others through personal power.

Question 15

What is task-oriented leadership behavior?

Answer 15

Giving instructions and focusing on getting tasks done.

Question 16

What is people-oriented leadership behavior?

Answer 16

Showing concern for employees and treating them with respect.

Question 17

What is authoritarian decision-making?

Answer 17

Leader makes decisions alone.

Question 18

What is democratic decision-making?

Answer 18

Employees participate in decision-making.

Question 19

What is laissez-faire decision-making?

Answer 19

Leader allows employees to make decisions independently.

Question 20

What is a transformational leader?

Answer 20

One who aligns employee goals with the leader’s goals to inspire and motivate.

Question 21

What is a transactional leader?

Answer 21

One who ensures employees perform the right behaviors through rewards or discipline.

Question 22

What is servant leadership?

Answer 22

A leadership style focused on serving others and helping them reach their goals.

Question 23

What is authentic leadership?

Answer 23

Building trust through consistent and ethical behavior; being self-aware.

Question 24

What is ethical leadership?

Answer 24

Leadership based on personal integrity and fairness in relationships and decisions.

Question 25

What is value-based leadership?

Answer 25

Leadership guided by strong personal values such as honesty, fairness, and service.

Question 26

What is a social movement?

Answer 26

Group action focused on specific social or political issues.

Question 27

What are the steps in the ethical decision-making process?

Answer 27

(1) Identify the situation/stakeholders, (2) Consider alternatives, (3) Reflect on how the action feels, (4) Make a decision.

Question 28

What is inclusive leadership?

Answer 28

Leadership that includes everyone, emphasizing commitment, courage, curiosity, collaboration, cultural intelligence, and awareness of bias.

Question 29

What are the three parts of the communication process?

Answer 29

Transmitting information, coordinating effort, and sharing emotions/feelings.

Question 30

What are the three main types of communication?

Answer 30

Verbal (listening), Written (reading), and Nonverbal (observing).

Question 31

What are the three types of decisions?

Answer 31

Strategic, Tactical, and Operational.

Question 32

What are programmed decisions?

Answer 32

Routine decisions made using established procedures.

Question 33

What are non-programmed decisions?

Answer 33

New or unique decisions that require creative problem-solving.

Question 34

What is a mission statement?

Answer 34

Defines who the organization is and why it exists ('who we are').

Question 35

What is a vision statement?

Answer 35

Describes what the organization wants to become ('what we want to be').

Question 36

What is strategic management?

Answer 36

The process of deciding and implementing what a firm does to achieve its mission and vision.

Question 37

What is a goal?

Answer 37

An outcome statement defining what the organization aims to achieve.

Question 38

What connects vision and mission to action?

Answer 38

Strategy → Goals → Objectives.

Question 39

What is the difference between strategic and operating goals?

Answer 39

Strategic = long-term; Operating = short-term (<1 year).

Question 40

What is the Balanced Scorecard used for?

Answer 40

To measure performance across financial, customer, internal, and learning perspectives.

Question 41

What does SMART stand for?

Answer 41

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-based.

Question 42

What is a KPI?

Answer 42

A measurable value showing how effectively a company achieves its goals.

Question 43

What is CSR?

Answer 43

Corporate Social Responsibility — managing business processes to positively impact society.

Question 44

What is the Triple Bottom Line?

Answer 44

People, Planet, Profit — measuring social, environmental, and financial success.

Question 45

What is Goal Setting Theory?

Answer 45

The idea that specific and challenging goals improve performance.

Question 46

What tools analyze the external environment?

Answer 46

PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces.

Question 47

What tools analyze the internal environment?

Answer 47

VRIO and the Value Chain.

Question 48

What is the Value Chain?

Answer 48

A step-by-step view of all organizational activities that add value.

Question 49

What is a divisional structure?

Answer 49

Organization grouped into divisions, each with its own functional departments.

Question 50

What is a network structure?

Answer 50

Flexible design focusing on what the company wants to achieve, using partnerships and collaboration.

Question 51

What are examples of structural types?

Answer 51

Geographic, Matrix, and Virtual structures.

Question 52

What is diversity in an organization?

Answer 52

Inclusion of different backgrounds, perspectives, and identities in the workforce.

Question 53

Why is international leadership important today?

Answer 53

Due to lower trade barriers, foreign direct investment, and the internet.

Question 54

What are Hofstede’s cultural dimensions?

Answer 54

Power Distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Masculinity vs. Femininity.

Question 55

What are strategies for expanding globally?

Answer 55

Global strategy and regional strategy.

Question 56

What are common methods for going international?

Answer 56

Exporting, Strategic Alliances, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

Question 57

What are the four stages in Tuckman’s Team Development Model?

Answer 57

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing.

Question 58

What does diversity often do to group work?

Answer 58

Can create conflict or challenges but also improves creativity and innovation.

Question 59

What is a formal organization?

Answer 59

The official, documented structure of a company.

Question 60

What are social networks?

Answer 60

Informal relationships and communication channels among people.

Question 61

What are the three types of networking?

Answer 61

Personal, Operational, and Strategic networking.