Packed red blood cells
- Regular blood
* Used to increase oxygen carrying capacity in anemic patients
What is fresh frozen plasma used for?
•used to increase clotting factors
When would fresh frozen plasma be used ?
- bleeding
- DIC
- liver failure
- warfarin reversal
- clotting disorders
When is a transfusion of platelets used?
- thrombocytopenia
- massive transfusion
- platelet dysfunction
What are platelets used for?
Used to control or prevent bleeding
When is a transfusion of albumin used ?
- hypovolemic shock
- hemorrhage
- burns
- surgery
What is albumin ?
- a protein found in blood plasma
* a blood volume expander
Autologous transfusion
- collection of pt.’s own blood
- can be obtained 5 weeks prior to planned surgery
- pt.’s can donate 1-5 units of their own blood
- reduce the risk of complications r/t mismatched blood & exposure to bloodborne infectious agents
Objectives for blood transfusions (3)
1) increases circulating blood volume after surgery/ trauma/ hemorrhage
2) increase number of RBCs & to maintain hemoglobin levels in Cx with severe anemia
3) provide selected cellular components as replacement therapy (e.g. Clotting factors, platelets, albumin)
5 rights of transfusion
P- patient P- product A- amount R- rate T- time
Thrombocytopenia
•deficiency of platelets in the blood
Causes:
•bleeding in tissues
•bruising
•slow blood clotting after injury
Acute reactions usually occur during or up up 6 hours following the end of a transfusion and may be present with: (9)
1) fever
2) shaking chills or rigors
3) hives/ rash, itchiness, swelling
4) dyspnea, SOB or wheezing
5) hypotension or hypertension
6) red urine, diffuse bleeding or oozing
7) lumbar lain, anxiety, pain @ IV site
8) nausea & vomiting
9) headache
TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
what could fever, shaking chills or rigors indicate ?
- bacterial contamination
- acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
- transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
- febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction
