James Monroe

Question 1

Party

Answer 1

Democrat-Republican

Question 2

Term

Answer 2

March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825

Question 3

John Quincy Adams

Answer 3

• p. 227 Brinkley
• Selected by President Monroe to be Secretary of State
• Essentially the position of successor to the President, as Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe were selected as Secretary of State by their respective preceding Presidents
• Eventually did succeed Monroe as President
• Acquired all of Florida through the federal support of Andrew Jackson’s launching of the Seminole War and the signing of the Adams-Onis Treaty
• Also largely constructed the foreing policy stance which came to be known (ironically) the Monroe Doctrine

Question 4

Good Will Tour and The Era of Good Feelings

Answer 4

• p. 226-228 Brinkley
• After his inauguration, new President James Monroe toured the nation in a public relations campaign, intended to gather support for the President and promote popular content with politics
• Launched what became known as an “Era of God Feelings” across the nation, with some examples/consequences being the annexation of Florida, overwhelming popular support for the President, and his unchallenged reelection to a second term
• However, Era of Good Feelings also contained many fears, problems, and conflicts for the nation, such as the Panic of 1819, the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine, the clashes in the Marshall Court, and the Missouri Compromise

Question 5

Marshall Court Decsions

Answer 5

• p. 229-230 Brinkley
  a. McColluch v. Maryland (1819)
• Confirmed the “implied’ powers of Congress by upholding the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States
• Brought an end to the outlawing or penalty taxing of the Bank by the state government in states where it was unpopular (South and West)
• Case largely decided by Daniel Webster, an attorney for the Bank, and his arguments for the bank
  b. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
• expanded the meaning of the contract clause of the Constitution by upholding a corporation charter that made Dartmouth College a private university
• thus defined corporation charters as contracts as well as confirming that no authority could violate or invalidate a contract of any kind
• again largely decided by the defense of Dartmouth by Daniel Webster
  c. Johnson v. McIntosh (1823)
• Redefined the relationship of Indians and their land to citizens and government of United States by deciding a disputed sold Indian land claim in favor of the United States (McIntosh) rather than private citizens (Johnson)
• decision stated that only the federal government had authority to take land in any manner from Indian Tribes and that Indian Tribal connections to land preceded all other American Law
  d. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
• Strengthend the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce by deciding that a congressional order of commerce (Gibbons) superceded a state government’s order of commerce (Gibbons)
• Marshall Court Decisions established the primacy of the federal government over the states’ and established and expanded the federal goverment’s role in promoting commerce

Question 6

Seminole War

Answer 6

• p. 227 Brinkley
• Psuedo-invasion of Spanish Florida launched by Anderw Jackson with inspecific orders from Secretary of War Calhoun and supported by the federal government which eventually resulted in the annexation of Florida
• Launched under the guise of halting attacks by Seminole Indians based in Spanish Florida upon Americans in American Florida
• Displayed to the Spanish that Florida could easily be taken by force by America and that America had motive to do so, prompting the Spanish requisition of Florida

Question 7

Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 7

(Brinkley 227)

• (1819)
• Spain ceded all of Florida to the United States and gave up as well its claim to territory north of the 42nd parellel in the Specific Northwest
• American government gave up its claims to Texas in return.
• Significance?

Question 8

The Panic of 1819

Answer 8

(Brinkley 227-228)

• Serious economic crisis which followed a period of high foreign demand for American farm goods and exceptionally high prices for American farmers
• Result of the disruption of Europeanagriculture caused by Napoleanic Wars
• Rising prices for farm goods stimlulated land boom in the West
• Land prices soared
• Availablity of easy credit to settlers and speculators from the government & state banks fuled land boom.
• 6 years of depression followed panic

Question 9

Missouri Compromise

Answer 9

(Princeton Review 96)

• Henry Clay proposed
• First in the series of measures forestalling the Civil War
• Split powerful Democratic-Republican coalition, ending it’s 20-year control of national politics
• Admitted Missouri as a slave state
• Carved a piece out of Massachusettes-Maine- and admitted Maine as a free state
• drew a line along the 36’30’ parallel across the Lousianna Territory
• Established southern border of Missouri as the northernmost point at which slavery would then be allowed in the Western territories of the US, except for Missouri

Question 10

The Monroe Doctrine

Answer 10

(Brinkley 231)

• (1823)
• Policy that the US would consider any forein challenge to the sovereignty of exisiting American nations as an unfriendly act.
• Emerged directly out of America’s relations with Europe in 1820’s.
• Expression of growing spirit of nationalism in the US in 1820s.
• Established idea of the US as the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 11

Election of 1824

Answer 11

(Brinkley 232 & Princeton Review 102)

• Jackson received more popular and electoral votes than any other canidate, but not a majority.
• John Quincy Adams won election in the House with Clay’s support
• The Corrupt Bargain:*
• Jackson and other opponents of Clay’s apppointment alleged Adams and Clay had struck a “corrupt bargain” to win election and immediately vowed to see both removed in the election.