Jaundice

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

https://quizlet.com/239131547/livergallbladderpancreas-cadaver-diagram/

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

What forms portal triad?

Answer 5

Portal vein
Bile duct
Hepatic artery

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Where does haemopoeisis begin?

Answer 7

Haemopoietic bone marrow

Question 8

How long do RBC last for?

Answer 8

120 days

Question 9

Where are old RBC broken down?
What occurs to globin?
What occurs to haem?

Answer 9

BM, liver, spleen
Globin- metabolised into aa- reused protein synthesis
Haem- broken into biliverdin transport in blood
- iron bind transferrin for transport

Question 10

What does iron bind to for transport?

Answer 10

Transferring

Question 11

What is precursor to erythrocyte?

Answer 11

Reticulocyte

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

State regions body sections?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are two forms of bilirubin?
Which is insoluble water?

Answer 14

Unconjugated/conjugated
Unconjugated insoluble water

Question 15

Explain bilirubin metabolism?

Answer 15

1) Reticuloendothelial cells- macrophages responsible maintenance of blood
2) Metabolise haemoglobin
3) Haemoglobin broken into- haem and globin
4) Globin broken down into amino acids (reused)
5) Haem broken iron and biliverdin
(catalysed haem oxygenase)
Iron- recycled
6) Biliverdin to bilirubin
(catalysed by biliverdin reductase)
Biliverdin reduced form unconjugated bilirubin (toxic)

8) Bloodstream unconjugated bilirubin binds albumin facilitate transport liver
9) Unconjugated bilirubin + Glucuronic acid form conjugated bilirubin (soluble)
(catalysed by glucuronyl transferase)
10) As conjugated blirubin water soluble allows excretion into duodemun in bile

9) In ileum bilirubin deconjugated by intestinal bacteria and converted urobilinogen (remove glucorinic)
10) 80% urobilinogen oxidised and bacteria converted stercobilin- faeces
11) 20% urobilinogen reabsorbed bloodstream- bound albumin- liver- recycled bile production
Small amount kidney- oxidised urobilin- excreted urine

Question 16

What is haemoglobin broken into?
What occurs to broken down?

Answer 16

Haem- iron and biliverdin
Globin- amino acids

Question 17

How are RBC produced?

Answer 17

Erythropoeisis

Question 18

What
Unconjugated
Conjugated
soluble

Answer 18

Unconjugated- lipid sol
Conjugated- water sol

Question 19

What gives faeces brown colour?

Answer 19

Stercoblin

Question 20

What does haem break into?
What catalyses?

Answer 20

Biliverdin and iron
catalysed haem oxygenase

Question 21

What does biliverdin converted into?
Catalysed?

Answer 21

Unconjugated bilirubin (toxic)
Biliverdin reductase

Question 22

What does unconjugated bilirubin bind to?
Why?

Answer 22

Albumin
Not water soluble just lipid- can’t transported blood

Question 23

What does unconjugated bilirubin form?
Where
Catalyst?

Answer 23

Unconjugated bilirubin + Glucuronic acid = Conjugated bilirubim
Catalyse- glucuronyl transferase
Liver

Question 24

What does conjugated bilirubin form?

Answer 24

In ileum bilirubin deconjugated by intestinal bacteria and converted urobilinogen (remove glucorinic)
10) 80% urobilinogen oxidised and bacteria converted stercobilin- faeces
11) 20% urobilinogen reabsorbed bloodstream- bound albumin- liver- recycled bile production
Small amount kidney- oxidised urobilin- excreted urine

Question 25

What happens to urobilinogen?

Answer 25

1) 80% urobilinogen oxidised- bacteria converts to stercobilin- faeces 2) 20% urobilinogen reabsorbed bloodstream- bound albumin- liver- recycled bile prod Small amount kidney- urobilin- urine

Question 26

What gives faeces colour?

Answer 26

Stercoblin

Question 27

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJ_dasmimE4

Answer 27

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJ_dasmimE4

Question 28

What is jaundice?

Answer 28

Yellow discolouration sclera and skin

Question 29

What are 3 main types jaundice?

Answer 29

1) Prehepatic 2) Hepatic 3) Posthepatic

Question 30

What occurs in prehepatic jaundice?

Answer 30

Excessive RBC breakdown Overwhelm liver ability conjugate bilirubin Raised lvls unconjugated bilirubin Bilirubin that can be conjugated excreted normal but slight excess mean stool dark Dark urine- conjugated excreted urine

Question 31

What occurs in hepatic jaundice?

Answer 31

Damage hepatic cells- liver lose ability conjugate bilirubin Therefore raised conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in blood Enlarged liver, dark urine

Question 32

What occurs post hepatic jaundice?

Answer 32

Obstruction biliary drainage Raised conjugated (liver works but unable get rid) Pale stools- no sterocobilin

Question 33

State diff class of jaundice and what will be raised?

Answer 33

Question 34

State a cause of each jaundice?

Answer 34

Question 35

State signs diff jaundice?

Answer 35

Prehepatic- raised unconjugated - brown stool - normal/pale urine- no raise conj Hepatic- raised unconjugated and conjugated - brown (worse-clay) - dark urine Posthepatic- raised conjugated - pale white stool - dark urine

Question 36

Raised conjugated what type jaundice?

Answer 36

Posthepatic

Question 37

Raised unconjugated what type jaundice?

Answer 37

Prehepatic

Question 38

Raised conjugated and unconjugated what type jaundice?

Answer 38

Hepatic