Joint Instability

Question 1

What are common instabilities?

Answer 1

• Hip luxation
• Carpal hyperextension
• Tarsal instability
• Gastrocnemius enthesopathy
• Digit luxation
• Medial shoulder instability
• Biceps Tendinopathy

Question 2

What are causes of carpal hyperextension? Dx?

Answer 2

• High rise fall
• Degeneration
• Inflammation
• Collateral ligament injury
• Dx = Clinical exam (compare with other limb) + Radiographs (need stressed views)

Question 3

What does management of carpal hyperextension depend on?

Answer 3

• Degree of lameness
• Dysfunction
• Exercise tolerance
• Trauma

Question 4

What does management of Tarsal instability depend on?

Answer 4

• Degree of lameness
• Dysfunction
• Exercise tolerance
• Almost certainly SURGICAL

Question 5

What is Gastrocnemius enthesopathy seen in?

Answer 5

• Large breed dogs
• Thickened calcaneal
• Crabbed toes
• Partial / complete plantigrade stance
• Almost Always SURGICAL

Question 6

What is treatment of digit luxation?

Answer 6

• If stable =
  -Secured with splint
  -P2/P3 luxation = cutting nail short + unguinal crest ostectomy
• Unstable =
  -Surgery = stabilisation / Digit amputation

Question 7

What problems do you get with shoulders?

Answer 7

• Biceps rupture / tendinopathy
• Medial shoulder injuries
• Luxations

Question 8

How can you diagnose shoulder problems?

Answer 8

• Clinical signs =
  -Decreased in performance to weight bearing lameness
  -Pain on shoulder examination = flexion, biceps, adduction, abduction

Question 9

What would you see with a ruptured biceps brachii?

Answer 9

• Fully hyperextended elbow with shoulder in full flexion

Question 10

What with the shoulder can you rule out on radiographs?

Answer 10

• Neoplasia
• Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)
• OA