VETS1021: loco > joints > Flashcards

joints Flashcards

(54 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

3 main categories of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A

suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fibrous joints

A

held together by fibrous connective tissue, little movement

short, direct and often transitory

no joint cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

suture joints (fibrous joint)

A
  • flat bones of skull
  • little movement but allow for growth
  • close to form synostosis: fusion or 2 or more bones of skull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bregma

A
  • meeting of sagittal and coronal suture on top of head (hole on head)
  • also known as fontanelle
  • persists in toy breeds; hole never closes up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

syndesmosis joints (fibrous joint)

A
  • intervening tissue; two adjacent bones linked together for example tibia and fibula
  • more movement than suture but very restricted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gomphosis (fibrous joint)

A
  • peg in a socket joint
  • usually teeth
  • firm attachment
  • very slight movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cartilaginous joints formed from

A

cartilage, fibro-cartilage or both
- no joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A
  • symphysis (fibrocartilaginous)
  • synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cartilaginous joints movement

A

limited; compression or stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

symphysis (cartilaginous joint)

A
  • fibrocartilaginous
  • fibre sandwich between two layers of cartilage
  • ex where 2 os coxae come together
  • ex intervertebral disc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intervertebral disc joints

A
  • in between vertebrae, fibres arranged in circular fashion like an onion, annulus fibrosum
  • in the middle of disk is nucleus pulposus which is a gelatinous material
  • slipped disk is rupture of annulus and nucleus pulposus spits out; puts pressure on spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

synchondrosis joint (cartilaginous)

A
  • hyaline cartilage
  • mainly transitory joints in growing bones
  • ex is epiphyseal cartilage aka growth plate
  • ex is costochondral joint (rib to sternum)
  • ex hyoid to skull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

synovial joints all have

A
  • joint capsule
  • joint cavity
  • synovial fluid (fills joint cavity)
  • articular cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

classification of joints (simple and compound)

A
  • simple: 2 articular surfaces
  • compound; more than 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ball and socket joint

A

enarthrosis
ex hip and shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hinge joint

A

(ginglymus)
flex and extends, no lateral movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

condylar joint

A

ex stifle
condyles on condyles
flex and extend, no lateral movement
looks unstable, requires ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pivot joint

A

trochoid
ex atlanto-axial
get rotation around a long axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

gliding joint

A

arthrodial
anything that doesn’t fit into above categories
ex is carpometacarpals joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

outer layer of joint capsule

A

stratum fibrosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

inner layer of joint capsule

what does it do

Study These Flashcards
A
  • stratum synoviale
  • loose connective tissue; very thin, only 2-3 cells thick
  • phagocytic: cells will engulf any tissue/ rubbish in synoviale fluid and removed
  • cells also secrete things such as hyaluronan which gives synoviale fluid is viscous sticky character
23
Q

stratum fibrosum (outer layer of joint capsule) + stratum synoviale (inner layer of joint capsule) =

Study These Flashcards
A

synovial membrane

24
Q

synovial membrane is

Study These Flashcards
A
  • secretory
  • also absorptive (keeps right amount of synovial fluid in the joint) aided by movement –> lack of movement in old people = swollen joints bc too much synovial fluid
  • other characteristics include folds, pouches and fat pads
25
articular cartilage is usually composed of
hyaline cartilage but fibrocartilage in temporo-mandibular joint
26
function of articular cartilage
reduce friction and shock absorption avascular and no nerves
27
articular cartilage get nutrition from
synovial membrane and some from underlying bone
28
how is articular cartilage regenerated
multiplication of healthy cartilage cells and by conversion of stratum synoviale cells best regeneration at periphery because nearer nutrients from synovial membrane
29
thickness of cartilage depends on
weight bourne on it so thickest in middle articular surface
30
surface of articular cartilage we see
- collagen fibres anchored in underlying bone - hoops form a corrugated surface - springy for shock absorption and resist shear forces
31
synovial fluid functions and what does it contain
- contains mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronan) --> viscous fluid - functions are nutrition of articular cartilage, lubrication and shock absorption
32
ligaments are
usually thickenings of stratum fibrosum in response to tensional forces
33
ligaments function
strengthen joints, restrain movement, aided by tendons and extrinsic ligament
34
ligaments made up of
almost pure collagen
35
difference between tendons and ligaments
ligaments are NOT associated with muscle, tendons are
36
some ligaments that are remnants of
tendons
37
true or false ; some ligaments hardly restrain movement
true
38
menisci
special fibrocartilage articular structures
39
where are menisci found
stifle and temporo-mandibular joints only
40
menisci function
shock absorbers, may also increase 'fit' or SA joint
41
what do menisci have which is atypical for cartilage
a nerve supply
42
dislocation/ luxation of joints is prevented by
- shape or articualr surfaces - ligaments - muscles or tendons - cohesive force (= surface tension) of synovial fluid
43
flexion
reduce angle of joint
44
extension
increase angle of joint
45
overextension
extend over 180 degrees
46
gliding
rubbing between joints
47
abduction
move away from midline
48
adduction
move toward midline
49
circumduction
large circular movement of limb
50
bursae
- not a joint - synovial structures - reduce friction between tendons and bones
51
when synovial bursa wrap all the way around tendons they are called
tendon sheath
52
tendon sheaths are held in place by tissue called
retinaculum
53
sesamoid bones
small gliding bones associated with tendons where tendons run over synovial joints
54
sesamoid bone functions
reduce fiction and maintain alignment +/- increase leverage
VETS1021: loco
flashcards
Decks in class (25)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions