MACROPHAGES FUNCTIONS
-devour foreign material
-dispose of dead tissue cells
MAST CELL SECRETIONS
- heparin
- histamine
- protesases
- other enzymes
HOW ARE EPITHELIAL TISSUES CLASSIFIED?
- SHAPE
- LAYERS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE FEATURES
- Ground Substance
- Fibres (reticular, elastic and collagen)
- Cells (fat cells, mast cells, macrophages)
JOINT TYPES (structural)
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
FIBROUS JOINTS
-no synovial cavity
-bones held together with dense irregular tissue
TYPES:
1. suture
2. syndesmosis
3. gomphosis
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
-no synovial cavity
-bones held together by cartilage
TYPES:
1. synchondrosis
2. symphyses
SYNOVIAL JOINT
-synovial cavity
-bones held together by dense irregular tissue
-hyaline cartilage which helps with smooth movements
SYNOTOSIS
-replacement of a suture with bony tissue
-can occur with growth of skull
JOINT TYPES (FUNCTIONAL)
- synarthrosis - immovable
- amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable
- diarthrosis - freely moveable
SYNCHONDROSIS
CARTILAGINOUS JOINT
-cartilage is hyaline cartilage
-immovable (synarthrosis)
-tend to ossify later in life
-ex. epiphyseal growth plate
SYMPHYSES
CARTILAGINOUS JOINT
- ends of bone have hyaline cartilage, but large fibrocartilage disc which connects the bones
- slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis)
- ex. pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
SUTURES
FIBROUS JOINT
- composed of thin layer of dense irregular tissue
- ONLY BETWEEN SKULL BONES
- begin as amphiarthritic and become synarthritic
SYNDESMOSIS
FIBROUS JOINT
- more space between bone and more dense irregular tissue than suture
- tissue formed in bundle permitting limited movement (synarthosis)
GOMPHOSIS
FIBROUS JOINTS
- occurs between root of tooth and mandible
EXTRACAPSULAR VS INTRACAPSULAR
- lie outside capsule (fibular and tibia ligaments)
- inside capsule, separate from synovial cavity folds
MENISCI
-crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage
-lie between articular surface and attached to fiberous capsule
LABRUM
- found in ball and socket joints
- helps deepen joint socket and increases SA on contact between socket and ball
SYNOVIAL JOINT NERVE AND BLOOD SUPPLY
- many are avascular
- supply nutrients and O2 to joints
- veins take away waste and CO2
BURSAE
-sac-like filled with small amounts of fluid to reduce friction on joints
TENDON SHEATH
- Synovial sheath reduces friction, wrap around tendons
ARTICULATION
-point of contact between 2 bones
ARTHOLOGY
-study of joints
HOW ARE JOINTS CLASSIFIED
-presence of absence of space (synovial cavity)
-type of connective tissue
