Joints

Question 1

Cranial base

Answer 1

Endochondral
Primary
Cartilaginous

Question 2

Intervertebral disc

Answer 2

Cartilaginous

Secondary

Question 3

Cartilaginous joint definition

Answer 3

Somewhat moveable, determined by type of cartilage present

*2 types: primary and secondary

Question 4

Difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joints

Answer 4

• primary: temporary; bones connected by hyaline cartilage

* secondary: strong and resilient; fibrous cartilage unit bones

Question 5

Classification of joints is based on?

Answer 5

Type or manner of material by which articulating bones are connected

Question 6

3 general classification of joints?

Answer 6

1) fibrous joint
2) cartilaginous joint
3) synovial joint

Question 7

Sutures

Answer 7

Synarthrosis

*fibrous joint

Question 8

Dentoalveolar syndesmosis

Answer 8

Fibrous joint

Gomphosis

Question 9

Fibrous joints

Answer 9

Very little to no movement joints depending on length of fibers connecting to articulating bone

Question 10

Synovial joints

Answer 10

• united by articulating capsule (outer fibrous layer and inner serous synovial membrane)
• synovial membrane secrets synovial fluid
• articular cartilage lines bones in contact

Question 11

Atlantic-occipital joint

Answer 11

Synovial

Condyloid

Question 12

Atlantic-axial joint

Answer 12

Synovial joint

Pivot

Question 13

Temporalmandibular joint

Answer 13

Synovial joint

Plane and hinge joint

Question 14

Synovial joints

1) plane joint:
2) hinge joint:
3) saddle joint:
4) condyloid joint:
5) Ball And socket:
6) pivot joint:

Answer 14

1) plane joint: gliding movement
2) hinge joint: flexion and extension; adduction and abduction
3) saddle joint: flexion and extension; adduction and abduction
4) condyloid joint: flexion and extension
5) Ball and socket: multi-axial
6) pivot joint: rotation around central axis

Question 15

Joint vascular ion and innervation

Answer 15

• blood from articular arteries from vessels passing by the joint, Anastomoses common
• articular nerves= sensory nerves for pain and proprioception

Question 16

Hilton’s law

Answer 16

Any nerve supplying a joint also supply innervation to the muscles that move the joint and the skin covering distal attachment

Question 17

Osteoarthritis and examples

Answer 17

Degenerative joint disease causing stiffness, discomfort, and pain

• typically have a narrow joint space MEANING there is bone on bone contact
• ex: bone spurs and narrow disc space

Question 18

Proprioception and example

Answer 18

Awareness of positioning

*ex: TMJ has awareness of the jaw positioning (whether open to any degree or closed)