What is a joint?
A join is a union between two or more rigid components
Give another word for a joint
An articulation is another word for a joint
Name the three types of joint
- Fibrous joint
- Cartilaginous joint
- Synovial joint
What is a fibrous joint made from and what does it join together?
A fibrous joint is made of densely packed collagen fibres and connect two pieces of bone
Do fibrous joints allow much movement?
No
Give three examples of a fibrous joint
- peridontal ligament
- Cranial Sutures
- Interosseous membranes
What is a cartiliginous joint made from?
Layers and layers of cartilage
Name the two different types of cartiliginous joints
- Synchondroses
2. Symphyses
What is the difference between the synchondroses and the symphysis joint?
- Synchondrosis joints allow for bone growth, it disappears in adults and it does not allow movement
- Symphyses joints ossify with age, they are found in the midline of the body and they provide limited movement.
Give an example of a synchondroses joint
e.g the join between ribs and the sternum
Give an example of a symphyses joint
intervertebral disk
What is a cartilaginous joint?
A join between bone and cartilage
Which type of joint provides the greatest range of movement?
Synovial joint
Name the 4 features found in every synovial joint
- Fibrous capsule
- Synovial fluid
- Synovial membrane (produces synovial fluid)
- Synovial cavity (filled with synovial fluid)
Name the 6 different kinds of synovial joint found in the human body
- Hinge (knee)
- Saddle (carpals in wrist)
- Plane (e.g. joint of clavicle and scapula)
- Pivot (e.g. axis & atlas)
- Condylar/ellipsoid (Condyloid joints are found at the base of the fingers)
- Ball and socket (e.g. hip)
What happens to the stability of a joint as movement increases?
The more motile a joint is, the less stable it is
Why does the knee flex in a different direction to the elbow?
In week 7 of embryonic life, the limbs undergo rotation (upper limbs rotate laterally (outwards) and the lower limbs rotate medically (inwards))
What is an anastomoses and why is it a good thing around joints?
Anastomoses are common around joints (branches of blood vessels reconnecting) which is good because it means that the blood flow can take lots of alternative routes. This means that when flexion occurs and certain blood vessels are cut off, the blood can take an alternative route.
what is proprioception?
Proprioception- It is the sense of the location of different body parts (e.g. when you go to touch your nose with your finger, you know where it is)
Where in the body can you find proprioceptors?
Proprioceptors (sensory neurones that are responsible for proprioception are located in muscles, tendons and JOINT CAPSULES!
What is Hilton’s law?
- Hilton’s law; The nerve supplying a muscle that crosses a certain joint, also innervates this joint
