What type of joint is the coxofemoral joint?
Multiaxial, synovial, ball and socket joint
What 3 ligaments attach to the femur in the hip joint?
- Iliofemoral
- Pubofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
Besides joint stabilization, what’s the main function of the iliofemoral ligament?
Prevent thigh hyperextension
Besides joint stabilization, what’s the main function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevent hyperabduction (and aids in preventing hyperextension)
Besides joint stabilization, what’s the main function of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Prevents thigh hyperextension
What is the ligamentum teres of the hip joint?
- An intracapsular ligament that runs from the fovea capitis to the acetabulum (has an a. running thru it to femoral head)
What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint?
- Modified synovial (uniaxial w/slight rotation)
- Hinge joint
(very weak)
What are the articulating surfaces of the tibiofemoral joint?
- Tibia: medial and lateral tibial plateaus
(concave w/hyaline cartilage) - Femur: medial and lateral femoral condyles
(convex w/hyaline cartilage)
What are the medial and lateral menisci attached to?
Medial and lateral tibial plateaus
The medial meniscus is shaped like the letter ___ while the lateral meniscus is shaped like the letter ___.
MC Lamar Odom
- Medial: “C”
- Lateral: “O”
Which meniscus is less commonly injured? Why?
Lateral, because it is attached posteriorly to the popliteus m.
What’s the function of the medial meniscus?
Checks tibial abduction (and some tibial hyperextension)
What’s the function of the lateral meniscus?
Checks tibial adduction (and some tibial hyperextension)
Is the MCL, LCL, or both attached to its/their menisci?
Only MCL is strongly attached to the medial meniscus (lateral meniscus is attached to popliteus m. instead)
Explain the spatial arrangement of the ACL
- Arises from anterior intercondylar eminence of tibia, goes posteriorly, superiorly, and laterally, attaching to medial side of lateral femoral condyle
What’s the function of the ACL?
Checks for anterior translation of the tibia (vs. the femur) as well as leg hyperextension
What is an anterior drawer sign?
- Initial clinical assessment for suspect ruptured ACL
- Flex leg at 90 degrees, grab onto tibia to see if they can pull it anteriorly. If it pulls out like a drawer, they’ve torn their ACL
Explain the spatial arrangement of the PCL
- Arises from posterior intercondylar eminence to anterior part of lateral surface of medial femoral condyle
What’s the function of the PCL?
Checks for posterior translation of the tibia (vs. the femur) as well as leg hyperextension
Which direction does the patella move w/leg extension? Flexion?
- Extension: moves superiorly
- Flexion: moves inferiorly
Name the tendon that attaches from the quadriceps to the patella. What about from the patella to the tibia?
- Quadriceps tendon
- Patellar tendon
(help stabilize anterior joint capsule as well)
What is pivot shift injury?
A non-contact injury caused by quick deceleration, flexion of the knee, lateral rotation of the femur (medial rotation of the tibia), and a valgus force (e.g. cutting in football)
Force coming from which direction could cause a “terrible triad” injury?
What would be injured?
- Force comes from lateral side
- Ruptures MCL and ACL, w/strain causing tearing to the medial meniscus
What’s the name of the joint immediately inferior to the knee?
What is the likely function of this joint?
- Superior tibiofibular joint
- Likely aids in supporting proper mechanics of the ankle joint
