Joints & ligaments

Question 1

Name the 3 types of functional classifications

Answer 1

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

Question 2

Synarthrosis

Answer 2

Hardly movable
Highly stable
Apposing structures tightly joined with fibrous CT
(ex: skull sutures)

Question 3

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 3

Moderately movable
Fairly stable
Apposing structures bounded with fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
(ex: vertebral discs)

Question 4

Diarthrosis

Answer 4

Highly movable
Highly unstable, prone to injury
Has fibrous joint capsule, synovial membrane with a joint space filled with synovial fluid, and hyaline cartilage covering articular surfaces

Question 5

Name the main 3 structural classifications

Answer 5

Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial

Question 6

Name the 3 fibrous structural classifications

Answer 6

Suture
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

Question 7

Suture

Answer 7

Synarthrosis
Highly congruent
Fibrous CT

Question 8

Gomphosis

Answer 8

Synarthrosis
Cone shape peg into tooth socket.
Help by periodontal ligament

Question 9

Syndesmosis

Answer 9

Amphiarthrosis
Adjacent bones joined by fibrocartilage or interosseous membrane
(ex: Radioulnar)

Question 10

Name the 2 cartilagenous structural classification

Answer 10

Synchrondosis
Symphysis

Question 11

Synchrondosis

Answer 11

Amphiarthrosis
Hyaline cartilage binds apposing surfaces
(ex: 1st sternocostal joint)

Question 12

Symphysis

Answer 12

Amphiarthrosis
Apposing bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage with fibrocartilagenous disc
(ex: vertebral discs, pubic symphysis)

Question 13

Name the 6 type of synovial joints

Answer 13

Plane/irregular
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket

Question 14

Key points of Synovial joints

Answer 14

ALL are diarthrosis.
Contains a joint capsule with a synovial membrane producing synovial fluid filling the joint space. Contains hyaline cartilage
Most commun type of joint

Question 15

Plane/irregular

Answer 15

Diarthrosis
Flat or slightly curved articular surface
Gliding motion
Nonaxial

Question 16

Hinge

Answer 16

Diarthrosis
Convexity of one bone articulate in the concavity of the other
Flexion-extension motion
1 degree freedom

Question 17

Pivot

Answer 17

Diarthrosis
Projection of a bone articulates with a ring partially formed with bone and ligament
Spinning motion
1 degree of freedom

Question 18

Condyloid

Answer 18

Diarthrosis
Convexity of a bone articulate with oval concavity or other bone (Egg shaped)
Flex/Ext & Abduction/Adduction motions
2 degrees of freedom

Question 19

Saddle

Answer 19

Diarthrosis
Saddle-shaped concavity & convexity oriented 90° to each other
2 degrees of freedom

Question 20

Ball & socket

Answer 20

Diarthrosis
Head of bone fits into depression of apposing bone
All motions available
Multiaxial

Question 21

Ligament definition

Answer 21

Bands of fibrous CT providing a strong bond between bones

Question 22

Name the 2 functions of ligament

Answer 22

Mechanical restraint of joint motion
Proprioception

Question 23

Ligament mechanical restraint of joint motion means:

Answer 23

it limits normal mvts and prevents extraneous (unwanted) mvt

Question 24

Explain proprioception

Answer 24

The recognition of joint position without necessarily looking

Question 25

Name the 2 types of ligaments, and its 2 subcategories

Answer 25

Capsular Accessory Sub: Intracapsular Sub: Extracapsular

Question 26

Capsular ligament key points

Answer 26

Dense *irregular* CT Makes up joint capsule

Question 27

Accessory ligament key points

Answer 27

All the other ligaments! Dense *regular* CT Intracapsular located inside the Jt capsule Extracapsular located outside