SOR II > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

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1
Q

Facts About Judaism

A

Oldest monotheistic religion
Dialogue of jewish people with God (developing religious tradition)
Family tracing origins to biblical patriarchs
Isaac, Abraham, Jacob
Covenant with God

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2
Q

Origins of Judiasm

A

Patriarchs
First is Abraham (Abram) who with his wife Sarah (Sarai) received the promises of God

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3
Q

What did God Promise

With quotes

A

that they would be
“The ancestors of descendants that would number as many as the stars in the sky” (Genesis 15:5)
This covenant expressed the commitment of God to the Hebrews
“God said to Abraham as for you, you must keep my covenant, you and your descendants after you for the generations to come” (Genesis 17:9)

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4
Q

Who was Abraham

A

Abram
Father of monotheism
Essential figure in semitic religions
Abram had a son with sarah’s slave giral (hagar)=Ishmeal
God promised sarah would have a son = Isaac
Isaac got married= Jacob and Esau

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5
Q

Who is Abraham

A

Father of monotheism
Essential figure in semitic religions

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6
Q

Where did he live and what type fo religion

A

Polytheistic age when people believed in many Gods
Abraham was born in Ur

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7
Q

What happened when he experienced the call of God

A

He experienced the call of God when he received the promise of being blessed and having a great nation if he would leave his country to follow God to the promised land ( Canaan)
God said “Through your family all the nations are going to find God’s blessing”
Abram had a son with sarah’s slave giral (hagar)=Ishmeal
God promised sarah would have a son = Isaac
Isaac got married= Jacob and Esau

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8
Q

is judaism paternalistic or maternalistic

A

maternalistic

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9
Q

What did Abraham do for his first covenant
+ Quote

A

The first call where he was asked to leave his country and promises him blessings
So he left with his wife Sarai and his nephew Lot

“anscestors of decsendants that would number as many stars in the sky” (Genesis 15:5)

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10
Q

Abrahams kids

A

Ishmeal (Hagar)
Isaac (Sarah)

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11
Q

What is abraham tested with

A

Sacrificing his son but is stopped by the angel Gabriel and is given a ram to sacrifice instead

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12
Q

What was the second covenant made with Abraham

A

The covenant of circumscion (Brat Malah)

Linking all jews together

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13
Q

What is exodus

A

The sotry of freedom of the hebrew slaves form eqypt

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14
Q

What happened to teh Hebrew people in egypt and why

A

They were enslaved for over 400 years and had their firstborn sons killed due to ‘overpopulation’

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15
Q

How did moses become significant

A

Hi smother put him in a basket and put him on the nile river where he was found and adopted by the pharohs becoming egyptian

later encounters his sibilings aaron adn Miriam who tell him about who he actual;ly (hebrew)

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16
Q

Why did moses leave egypt

A

He accidently killed a slave owner adn would have been killed to ran to the desert where he a priest jethro who took him adn and marries his daughter Zipporah

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17
Q

What was moses first encounter with God + Quote

A

The burning Bush

God asked him to remove his shoes as he was on holy ground

” I am the god fo your ancestors Abraham, Isaac adn Jacob i want to deliver them from slavery and take them to the promised land”

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18
Q

How did moses listen to God

A

Went back to the pharoh and told them to “let his people go as recited by God

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19
Q

What were the 10 plagues

A

Blood
Gnats
Frogs
Livestock disease
Locusts
Flies
Boils
Hail
Darkness
Death of firstborns

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20
Q

What is passover

A

Passover is the celebration of when the Hebrews were let free from slavery in egypt after the 10th plague

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21
Q

What is the mitzvot

A

Teh 613 minor commandments given by God

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22
Q

What did msoes do after saving the slaves

A

Moses parted the red sea and saved the hebrews
He received the Ten commandments 50 days after their escape from Egypt
Celebrated today as Shavout
Hebrew people wander for 40 days in the desert as they did not trust God, taking a long path to the promised land Canaan, where God leads them through tests and preparation teaching them to rely on him

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23
Q

What are the 3 variants of Judaism

A

Conservative
Progressive/ refrom
Orthodox
- Ultra
- Modern

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24
Q

What si moderna dn ultra orthodox

A

MODERN ORTHODOX: keep within traditional requirements of jewish law but still engage with society
ULTRA ORTHODOX: Continuation of the jewish race hinges upon strict separation from secular society

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25
What are the key distinguishing factors of an orhtodox jew
They stress the importance of the Torah coming from God and therefore binding Written Torah has remained unchanged since Moses received it and is authoritative Oral law continues to change and evolve Strict adherence to the mitzvot, as it is seen as the direct word of God Rituals are conducted in Hebrew and men and women and separated during worship High moral and ethical concern for wellbeing of world Observe the jewish sabbath strictly Hasidic Jews have strict adherence to the traditional code of dress in the case of men and the modest clothes of women
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Conservative Judaism
Middle Ground Sympathetic to modern western way of thinking but is more traditional than progressive Accepts the rabbinical belief framework Men and women sit together during worship Women can read from the Torah Worship is conducted in hebrew and english Look at God as a cosmic focus rather than a transcendent individual Law while binding is open to interpretation
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Progressive/Reform Judaism
Attempted to modernise judaism to make it more compatible to western society (part of jewish enlightenment Haskalah) Vernacular language used for rituals and services Men and women worship together HUmans are seen as Gods partners Retain spiritualistic and idealistic core of traditional jewish teaching but dispense with many jewish rituals
28
What did the 1885 pittsburgh reform do
1885 the Pittsburgh platform affirmed progressive judaism and allowed it to stay true to core tenets of judaism but changed the sanctity of the torah to divinely inspired rather than handed down by God Mitzvot is still divinely inspired though
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How did progressive judaism change the view of sacred texts
Mitzvot is still divinely inspored Torah and Halakhah are divinely inspired by god t written by humans Rejects divine revelation of the Tanakh as if God has directly dictated it
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Core Jewish beliefs
God is the creator and ruler of the universe Moral law Covenants
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What is god in jewish religion
One Eternal Omnipotent Omnipresent Omniscient Pure in spirit Indivisable Unique
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God as ONE
The Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4) Hear O Israel the Lord your God the Lord is one. Love the lord your god with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength. These commandments that I give you today are to be on your hearts. Impress them on your children” Declaration of faith in one God as they are witnesses to this Say at the morning and at night First prayer a child is taught and last prayer said before death
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God is Eternal
God ahs always existed and always will exist Sources of all creation as He was the only thing that existed before creation The ultimate destiny of Humans beings is with God in eternity
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God is Omnipresent
God is everywhere and is intimately connected with human history God’s intervention with history = exodus Liberation from slavery in egyot is regarded as foundational defining in jewish history
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God is omnipotent
Powerful and all knowing Human knowledge is finite where as Gods is infinite Exodus = no obstacle and he can change future events
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God is pure spirit
God spirit is manifested throughout the universe Humans understand God through mediated knowledge eg witnessing intervention in human history Humans cant know God through direct menas Humans can comprehend what god is
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Jewish beliefs about god (God is one)
Jewish belief = God is separate but involved in teh world and it’s people Gods plan for creation is made clear through Hebrew scripture + the Torah Rabbi Hillel says What is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbour! This is the whole of the Torah, the rest is commentary now go and study it.
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Moses Maidmonides 13 articles of futon (Guide for jewish beliefs) first 6
God is creator God is one God is incorporeal God is eternal God alone is to be worshipped God has spoken through the prophets
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What do jews believe about moral law
God gave a code of ethics to guide humanities ethical choices in keeping their dignity in line as Gods creation Jewish people believe that when faced with an ethical question the answer will lie in their sacred texts
40
What do orthodox jews believ about moral law
Complete and non-evolving in the application of their moral laws to the past, present and future All laws in the torah are justified
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What do conservative Jews believe about moral law
Written Torah is open to some interpretation in light of changing circumstances as the text does not represent the literal word
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What does progressive/ reform jews believe about moral law
Emphasises broader principles in moral law to guide ethical decision making in new situation
43
What is halachah and what guides the jews moral law
The Mitzvot guides them to be faithful to god and the covenant Halachah means they live their life everyday on a path to live like God by following the mitzvot within the Torah
44
What is the mitzvot Including facts
613 mitvot Cover all aspects of life and worship 365 negative explain what jews must refrain from 248 positive describe rituals which jews can express faithfulness to the covenant Women are exempt from some however others are tailored specifically to the, Highlights distinctive role of men and women at home, synagogue and society
45
What is the importance of covenants for the jewish people
Series of agreements recorded in the hebrew bible between God and the people of Israel Is the heart of judaism Is the cornerstone of judaism and is the living expression of the relationship between God and the people of Israel
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What were the 3 promises made to abraham
Great names Descendants Land
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What do all covenants have
Begin by describing God’s great acts in everyday life Contain commandments to follow Lists of blessings and curses Noah Abraham, Moses and King David
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What is the importance of covenants
Observing the covenant allows jews to develop a spiritual relationship with God guided by the teachings Covenantal relationship extends to affection for and attachment to land and state of israel Jewish belief = fulfilling commandments= communication with God
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What is the hebrew bible/scirptures
TaNaKh Torah nevi'im ketuvim
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What is the TaNaKh
Jewish scripture 3 divisions torah, prophets and writings in hebrew 24 books stems from oral tradition common theme of loss and recovery
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What is the torah
The scrolls core and sacred writings include the pentateuch law foundation of jewish teaching 1. contains the covenant between God and the Israelites (found in deuteronomy (shema)) 2. sets the law for jewish people to oblige by -- seen in the mitzvot found in exodus, required from the jewish to remain faithful
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What is the pentateuch
The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible Genesis exodus leviticus numbers deuteronomy
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Different strains interpretations of the torah
Orthodox - They were given at mount Sinai and are immutable as the literal word of god Conservative Given to moses at mount sinai however there can be errors in transmission eg in the role of women Reform Not authoritative- take an individual approach to interpretation
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What is Genesis
Explains the creation of the world by God Origin of humanity patriarchs is the beginning
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Exodus
Escape from egypt shows gods intervention 10 commandments and covenant with moses
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Leviticus
Focusses on 246 mitzvot keeping service and dedication reminds to keep the commandments
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Numbers
Census of Israelites in the desert 51 commandments people turn against God and are punished
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Deuteronomy
Moses' final will adn moments of his life reinstates mosaic law the shema
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Nevi'im
The writings of the prophets calls people to account and reminds them of obligations to the covenants When unfaithful prophets point this out and call for repentance and continued faithfulness to the covenants
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Ketuvim
Writings wisdom literatures **11 books ** eg proverbs, job, psalms reflections on faith, offering wisdom, comfort, and historical context beyond the Law (Torah) and Prophets
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What is the oral tradition of the talmud
It is the interpretation of the torah beginning to be applied to modern context -Social -Cultural Divided into 2 aspects - Mishnah -gemara
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What is the Mishnah how many sections and what are they
The first rabbinic literature a collection of oral tradition Interpretaions of legal sections of the troah 6 sections - prayer sabbath marriage civil/criminal laws temple ritual clanliness
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What does talmud mean in Aramaic
Learning
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What does the Talmud contain
commandments with detailed explanation from rabbi's and theological reflections, history adn stories stories from abraham and isaac growing up that could be used as lessons for others
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What is the talmud formed from
The mishnah and gemara form the talmud
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What is halakah and what is it used for
Legal for rules of living interpret the mitzvot to help jewish adherents apply the law to various situations that arise in life
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What is teh haggadah adn what is it used for
means 'telling' is the stories, narrations and legends of jewish people sets the order of passover
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Exodus 3:7
“I have indeed seen the misery of my people in Egypt Omnipresent
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Genesis 12:1-2
“Go from your country...great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. "
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Deuteronomy 6:4
The shema The Lord our God, the Lord is one
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Exodus 15:1-18
The Lord is my strength and my defense..salvation Omnipotent
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God is a creator
It is I who made the earth and created mankind on it. Isaiah 45:12
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The Abrahamic covenant The covenant of circumscion
Genesis 12:1-2 Genesis 17:1-12
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Exodus 20
the 10 commandments Moral law
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Genesis 2:4-7
God is pure in spirit as he formed man from his supernatrual being
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Genesis 15:5
as many descendants are stars in the sky covenant
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Abraham as a patriach
God chose abrham who initated monotheism in the word Abraham also establihsed a covenat with God
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Isaac as a patriach
God went on to confrim Abrahams covenant with Isaac GENESIS 26:2-5 - God spoke to isaac to continue the covenant - Promised the gerneal stuff - Similar to coveant with Abraham - He will be blessed if he does what abraham did - He fulfilled the conditions adn God fulfilled His
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Jacob as a patriach
Isaacs son GENESIS 28:20-21 - Jacob would return home and set up a monument for God - He erected a stone pillar and covered it with oil - God reaffirms abrahams covenant with Isaac in Jacobs dream - Land descendants etc
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What is the role of the Patriachs
To continue the covenant
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What is the Talmud
It is the oral jewish tradition written down by rabbis that provides explanation on theological reflections, histoy adn the soties in the Torah, such as the growing up fo isaac Mad eof hte halakah and the aggadah adn mishnah is the modern application
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What is the Mishnah
First rabbinic literature Collection of orla tradition Interpretations of legal sections Prayer. Sabbath, marriage, civil/criminal laws, temple, rituals and cleanliness
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What is the Halakah
Legal for rules of living Interpret the mitzvot to help jewish adherents apply the law to various situation
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What is the Aggadah
Telling Sories and narrations Legends of jewish people Sets the order of passover
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What do the sacred texts do
Form the foundation for belief adn practices PATRIACHS BELIEFS ETHICAL TEACHINGS---mitvot + commandments
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