Jun LE6

Question 1

1. Which of the following accurately describes spermiogenesis?
   a. Occurs before puberty
   b. Involves stem cells, meiosis, and spermatogenesis
   c. Involves cytodifferentiation of early spermatids
   d. Occurs in diploid cells
   e. Results in the formation of primary spermatocytes

Answer 1

c. Involves cytodifferentiation of early spermatids

Question 2

2. A man with a pituitary gonadotrophic tumor causing hyposecre-tion of FSH is most likely to exhibit which condition?
   a. No symptoms, since he has no ovarian follicles
   b. Loss of libido (sex drive)
   c. Low serum testosterone levels
   d. Low sperm count
   e. Prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 2

d. Low sperm count

Question 3

3. Interstitial cells of Leydig have an important function in male gamete production. Because of this function, which of the following organelles is abundant within these cells?
   a. Lysosomes
   b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
   c. Peroxisomes
   d. Polyribosomes
   e. Golgi complexes

Answer 3

b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

4. While studying a germ cell line developed from a patient’s testicular biopsy, the researcher notes that colchicine-treated cells blocked in metaphase have 46 chromosomes. From which of the following regions of the male genital tract would you expect these cells to have originated?
   a. Within the rete testis
   b. At the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule
   c. In the middle region of the germinal epithelium
   d. Within the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule
   e. Within the straight tubules

Answer 4

b. At the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule

Question 5

5. Which of the following organs is normally characterized by the accumulation of corpora amylacea with increasing age?
   a. Prostate
   b. Seminal vesicles
   c. Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands
   d. Epididymis
   e. Ductus (vas) deferens

Answer 5

a. Prostate

Question 6

6. Within the male reproductive tract, stereocilia project from cells lining which of the following regions?
   a. Rete testis
   b. Seminiferous tubules
   c. Ampulla of the ductus deferens
   d. Epididymis
   e. Penile urethra

Answer 6

d. Epididymis

Question 7

7. As sperm pass through the male genital ducts, proteins and low-molecular-weight products are added from several sources producing semen. Which of the following provides a nutritive, fructose-rich secretion?
   a. Interstitial cells of Leydig
   b. Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands
   c. Prostate gland
   d. Epididymis
   e. Seminal vesicles

Answer 7

e. Seminal vesicles

Question 8

8. A 20-year-old man contracts cholera during a long tour of military duty in a remote, completely undeveloped region. After a 5-day period of severe diarrhea and treatment, he gradually recovers and slowly returns to work. He is married 3 years later but after a few years of trying to conceive a child, semen analysis reveals that his sperm are few in number and malformed, and blood tests show a high titer of antibodies against sperm antigens. The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholera, secretes a toxin that interferes with tight (occluding) junctions. What cells in the gonad are the likely target of this toxin in the male reproductive system?
   a. Spermatogonia
   b. Sertoli cells
   c. Myoid cells
   d. Interstitial cells of Leydig
   e. Differentiating spermatozoa

Answer 8

b. Sertoli cells

Question 9

9. A 29-year-old man presents with testicular pain and a burning sensation during urination. Tests reveal the presence of Neisseria gonorrhea and penicillin is prescribed. Gonorrhea often produces acute or chronic inflammation of the testes and frequently involves the channels that connect the testis to the epididymis. What is the name of these channels?
   a. The mediastinum testis
   b. The rete testis
   c. Efferent ductules
   d. The straight tubules (tubuli recti)
   e. The seminiferous tubules

Answer 9

c. Efferent ductules

Question 10

10. A 39-year-old man undergoing an extensive series of tests for infertility is found to have a genetic mutation preventing formation of a functional synaptonemal complex during meiosis, causing almost complete failure of sperm formation. Which cells would be directly affected by this mutation?
    a. Primary spermatocytes
    b. Spermatogonia
    c. Secondary spermatocytes
    d. Spermatids
    e. Cells undergoing spermiogenesis

Answer 10

a. Primary spermatocytes

Question 11

1. Which stage of ovarian follicle development is characterized by an initial period of follicular fluid accumulation?
   a. Graafian follicle
   b. Mature follicle
   c. Primordial follicle
   d. Oocyte
   e. Secondary follicle

Answer 11

e. Secondary follicle

Question 12

2. Which of the following is characteristic of granulosa lutein cells?
   a. Are a minor cell type in the corpus luteum
   b. Derive from the theca interna
   c. Contain abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum
   d. Are small and dark-staining
   e. Secrete progesterone

Answer 12

e. Secrete progesterone

Question 13

3. Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for inducing ovulation?
   a. Relaxin
   b. LH
   c. Progesterone
   d. FSH
   e. Estrogen

Answer 13

b. LH

Question 14

4. Which feature is characteristic of the corpora albicans but not of atretic follicles?
   a. May contain degenerating granulosa cells floating in remnants of follicular fluid
   b. Resemble large collagenous scars
   c. Eventually removed by macrophages and replaced by stroma
   d. Are remnants of follicles that degenerate before maturation
   e. May contain degenerating oocytes

Answer 14

b. Resemble large collagenous scars

Question 15

5. Endometrial glands are typically most fully developed and filled with product during which day(s) or phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle?
   a. Menstrual phase
   b. Days 1-4
   c. The day ovulation occurs
   d. Proliferative phase
   e. Days 15-28

Answer 15

e. Days 15-28

Question 16

6. Which feature is characteristic of the endometrium’s basal layer but not of its functional layer?
   a. Includes the uterine surface epithelium
   b. Includes connective tissue
   c. Contains cells that replace the surface epithelium after menstruation
   d. Relies solely on spiral arteries for its blood supply
   e. Undergoes cyclic thickening and shedding

Answer 16

c. Contains cells that replace the surface

Question 17

7. Most lipid in milk is released from cells by which mechanism?
   a. Apocrine secretion
   b. Paracrine secretion
   c. Holocrine secretion
   d. Merocrine secretion
   e. Autocrine secretion

Answer 17

a. Apocrine secretion

Question 18

8. A 33-year-old woman with an average menstrual cycle of 28 days comes in for a routine Pap smear. It has been 35 days since the start of her last menstrual period, and a vaginal smear reveals clumps of basophilic cells. As her physician you suspect which of the following?
   a. She will begin menstruating in a few days.
   b. She will ovulate within a few davs.
   c. Her serum progesterone levels will be found to be very low.
   d. There will be detectable levels of hCG in her serum and urine.
   e. She is undergoing early menopause.

Answer 18

d. There will be detectable levels of hCG in her serum and urine

Question 19

9. A 17-year-old girl with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease presents at the emergency department with severe pain in her lower right side that came on fairly quickly. Upon questioning she replies that her last menstrual period was 6 weeks ago and that she has never missed a period before. The doctor suspects she has an ectopic pregnancy and this is quickly confirmed by ultrasound testing. The surgeon removes her right uterine tube that is inflamed, scarified, and contains the implanted embryonic tissue in the region where fertilization normally occurs. Where is this?
   a. The uterine part of the oviduct
   b. The ampulla region with highly folded mucosa
   c. The only oviduct region attached to the mesosalpinx
   d. The infundibulum region with fimbriae
   e. The isthmus region

Answer 19

b. The ampulla region with highly folded mucosa

Question 20

10. A 42-year-old woman visits her physician complaining of recurrent vaginal yeast infections. The doctor explains the likelihood that the woman’s vaginal lining is temporarily out of proper acid-base balance, leading to the increased susceptibility to yeast infections.
    The normally low pH in the vagina is maintained by which of the following?
    a. A proton pump in the epithelial cells similar to that in osteoclasts and parietal cells
    b. Secretions derived from intracellular carbonic acid
    c. Secretion of lactic acid by cells of the stratified squamous epithelium
    d. Bacterial metabolism of glycogen to produce an organic acid
    e. Synthesis and accumulation of acid hydrolases in the epithelium

Answer 20

d. Bacterial metabolism of glycogen to produce an organic acid