Karst landscape

Question 1

Swallow holes def

Answer 1

Narrow funnel shaped hole into which a river flows + dissapears.

Question 2

Swallow holes creation

Answer 2

Erosion, carbonation + solution when water flows across karst surfaces. Once a river disapears through a swallow hole it carves out an underground passage

Question 3

Dry valley

Answer 3

A dry valley forms when a river valley is left without water because of a swallow hole

Question 4

Limestone pavement

Answer 4

area of flat, exposed blocks of limestone, separated by deep intersecting joints

Question 5

Carbonation

Answer 5

Carbonic acid dissolves the rock, widening gaps between joints to form a series of intersecting lines called grikes

Question 6

Clints

Answer 6

Clint = remaining limestone sections

Question 7

Karrens

Answer 7

Waterlogged hollows on top of clints

Question 8

Grike vs bedding plane

Answer 8

Grike = vertical intersecting lines from carbonation
Bedding planes horizontal

Question 9

Fluting

Answer 9

When water overflows from a hollow + carves a small channel through a clint

Question 10

Cave def

Answer 10

Large passages formed when a river dissapears through a swallow hole

Question 11

Cave formation

Answer 11

Rain water absorbs more CO2 as it seeps down through the soil, forming an even stronger carbonic acid, which dissolves limestone to form caves.
Enlarged by hydraulic action from rivers

Question 12

Cave eg

Answer 12

Ailwee caves in the burren

Question 13

Where do caves form

Answer 13

At or below the zone of saturation

Question 14

Zone of saturation

Answer 14

Rock + soil below the water table

Question 15

Dissolution

Answer 15

when water with dissolved calcium carbonate evaporates, leaving behind calcite.
Over time calcite builds up to form a variety of features called dripstone features

Question 16

Stalactites

Answer 16

Calcite build up on cave roof from repeated evaporation leaving calcite deposits, for thousands of years to make stalactites

Question 17

Stalagmites

Answer 17

Water f=drops on floor + evaporates leaving calcite deposites for thousands of years - stalagmites

Question 18

Pillars

Answer 18

Stalactites + stalagmites join

Question 19

Limestone curtains

Answer 19

Water containing dissolved limestone runs along cave roof crack

Question 20

Youthful stage of karst

Answer 20

Limestone protected by soil/impermeable rock gradually removed by erosion - limestone exposed. Cabonation and erosion shape the landscape, limestone pavements and swallow holes form

Question 21

Mature stage of karst

Answer 21

rivers disappear underground. Caves, caverns, dripstone features and dry valleys form

Question 22

Old stage of karst

Answer 22

Roof of caves + caverns collapse as remaining limestone is weathered away. Only hums are left

Question 23

Limestone hums

Answer 23

Blocks of limestone remaining in the old stage of a karst landscape

Question 24

The Burren location

Answer 24

Northwest Clare

Question 25

The burren size

Answer 25

"50 km squared

Question 26

List of burren features

Answer 26

Turlough Caves Swallow Hole Dry valley

Question 27

Turlough def

Answer 27

Seasonal lake occupying lowlands appearing when the water table rises