Bipedalism
Skeletal Indicators: Foramen magnum (connects to spine), valgus knee (kneecaps bent), double arched foot
Habitual v Obligate Bipedalism
Habitual: move in multiple ways
Obligate: moves in one way
Modern Humans v Archaic Humans
Modern: Thinner, more teeth problems
Archaic: Robust, thick skull, prominent brow ridges
Adaptive transitions in human evolution
Ability of humans to create culture and negate the effects of the environment
Neolithic demographic transition
-Increased birth rates
-Stable mortality rate