Key concepts

Question 1

GE=

Answer 1

FE- DE

Question 2

GE sample =

Answer 2

HE x (T2-T1) / sample wt

Question 3

HE =

Answer 3

GE x sample wt / (T2-T1)

Question 4

DE =

Answer 4

GE - FE

Question 5

ME=

Answer 5

DE- GE - FE - UE

Question 6

ME coefficient =

Answer 6

ME/GE

Question 7

NE =

Answer 7

ME - HI

Question 8

NE =

Answer 8

GE- FE - UE - HI

Question 9

NE coefficient =

Answer 9

NE/GE

Question 10

TDN =

Answer 10

DCP + DCF + DNFE + 2.25(DEE)

Question 11

Apparent fecal or ileal digestibility

Answer 11

AA intake - AA feces / AA intake

Question 12

True ileal digestibility

Answer 12

AA intake - (AA ileum - AA endogenous) / AA intake

Question 13

% nutrient =

Answer 13

wt of residue / wt of sample x 100

Question 14

NFE =

Answer 14

100 - proximate analysis fractions
100 - (%CP + %EE + %CF + %Ash + %H2O)

Question 15

As fed -> DM basis

Answer 15

100 - moisture % = %DM
nutrient x 100 / DM %

Question 16

As fed -> DM basis

Answer 16

100 - moisture % = DM %
nutrient x DM % / 100

Question 17

DM digestibility =

Answer 17

(DM intake - DM output) / DM intake

Question 18

indicator DM digestibility =

Answer 18

(indicator in feed) / (indicator in feces) X 100

Question 19

specific nutrient digestibility

Answer 19

100 - (%indicator in feed x % nutrient in feces) / (%indicator in feces x % nutrient in feed)

Question 20

True digestibility =

Answer 20

nutrient intake - (nutrient output - nutrient of endogenous origin) / nutrient intake

Question 21

NDF digestibility

Answer 21

100 - (marker in feed x feces NDF) / (marker in feces x feed NDF)

Question 22

IVDMD =

Answer 22

100 x [initial dry sample wt - residue - blank ] / initial dry sample wt

Question 23

cellulose linkage

Answer 23

b (1,4)

Question 24

hemicellulose linkage

Answer 24

b (1,4)

Question 25

starch linkage

Answer 25

a (1,4)

Question 26

amylose linkage

Answer 26

a (1,4)

Question 27

amylopectin linkage

Answer 27

a (1,4) + a (1,6)

Question 28

lactose linkage

Answer 28

b (1,4)

Question 29

maltose linkage

Answer 29

a (1,4)

Question 30

amylose is (slowly/rapidly) digested and (branched/unbranched)

Answer 30

slowly, unbranched

Question 31

2 Ts + 1A in the essential AA

Answer 31

Tryptophan, Threonine, arginine

Question 32

endogenous vs exogenous proteins

Answer 32

end- sloughed off epithelial cells exo-derived in diet

Question 33

what % of protein is found in skeletal muscle

Answer 33

40%

Question 34

endopeptidases vs exopeptidases

Answer 34

endo- digest from middle exo- digest from OH end

Question 35

glutamine is ( ) to form ( )

Answer 35

deaminated, glutamate

Question 36

glutamate is ( ) to form

Answer 36

transaminated, a-ketoglutarate

Question 37

2 mechanisms of amino acid absorption

Answer 37

1) passive transfusion 2) transporters

Question 38

T or F: transamination reactions release free ammonia

Answer 38

F- only deamination does

Question 39

transamination of branched chain AA in skeletal muscle results in the production of what 2 things?

Answer 39

glutamine & glutamate

Question 40

alanine glucose cycle

Answer 40

branched chain AA under go transamintion to produce glutamine, then alanine

Question 41

alanine function

Answer 41

transport amino group from skeletal muscle -> liver - releases free ammonia

Question 42

what is the link between the TCA & urea cycle?

Answer 42

oxaloacetate

Question 43

how many N enter the urea cycle? where do each come from?

Answer 43

2 - 1 from GI tract - 1 from glutamine & glutamate

Question 44

where is RUP digested

Answer 44

small intestine

Question 45

RDP components

Answer 45

NPN + true protein

Question 46

NPN fate in rumen

Answer 46

produce ammonia

Question 47

true protein fate in rumen

Answer 47

degraded to AA & small peptides

Question 48

bacteria is ( ) as N source and protozoa use ( )

Answer 48

ammonia, bacteria

Question 49

2 types of urea transporters

Answer 49

1) facilitated 2) aquaporins

Question 50

purpose of urea recycling

Answer 50

source of N for microbes when N consumption is limiting

Question 51

more ATP = ( ) ammonia absorbed

Answer 51

less

Question 52

a more alkaline pH = ( ) ammonia absorbed

Answer 52

more

Question 53

denatured proteins are ( ) degradable

Answer 53

less

Question 54

acidic environment ( ) degradation

Answer 54

decreases

Question 54

smaller particles are ( ) degraded

Answer 54

more

Question 54

primary structure

Answer 54

AA sequence

Question 55

3D structure is the ( ) structure of a protein

Answer 55

tertiary