Key Issue 2

Question 1

EXPERINCE OF PROTESTANT IRISH

Question 2

Politics (Protestants)

Answer 2

Gave strong support to the conservative party due to its unionist postition and its opposition to the Irish Home Rule.

Question 3

Employment (protestnats)

Answer 3

Their skills as weavers meant that they were in high demand with many Irish protestant settling where the weaving trade was strong, for example Renfrewshire, Ayrshire and Glasgow.

Question 4

Orange order (Proestants)

Answer 4

They set up the orange order and participated in anti-catholic marches. By 1935 there were 12 orange order lodges in Glasgow.

Question 5

Intermarriage (Proestants)

Answer 5

Assimilation of the Protestant Irish in to scots society was further helped by the many marriages which took place between scots and the protestant Irish.

Question 6

Family Ties (Protestants)

Answer 6

Many of the Protestant Irish were descendates of Scottish emigrants who had settled in Ulster in the 17th century. Some still had family in scotland and benefited from the support network this provided in seeking employment and accommodation.

Question 7

Surnames (Protestants)

Answer 7

Many Irish Protesnt had scottish surnames which enabled them to blend easily to scottish society.

Question 8

Religion (Protestants)

Answer 8

Irish Proestants were widely accepted into scottish society as thier protestantantism matched that of the majority of scots who belonged to the church of scotland.

Question 9

Employment problems (Protestants)

Answer 9

Many Irish protestants were seen as strike breakers and therefore were resented as scots felt like they were taking away thier progess that they were making in protests.

Question 10

EXPERINCE OF CATHOLIC IRISH

Question 11

Religion (Catholics)

Answer 11

In Glasgow the number of catholic priests increased from 134 in 1878 to 234 by 1902. Mixed marriages between catholics and protestants became more common as the century progessed, particularly in smaller communities where the choice of marrgiage parteners was more restricted.

Question 12

Sporting Identity (Irish)

Answer 12

In Edinburgh, Hiberian Football Club was established in 1883. Celtic Football club wa set up in Glasgow by Brother Walfrid in 1888.

Question 13

Employment (Catholics)

Answer 13

Catholic Irish commonly found themsleves restricted to low paid, unskiledd labouring jobs like navvies on the railways.

Question 14

Settlement (Catholics)

Answer 14

the number of poor catholic Irish flooding into scotland led to growing resentment. The Irish were very visable as they tended to concentrate in areas such as the slums of Maryhill in Glasgow or the Lochee area of Dundee.

Question 15

Patriotism (Catholics)

Answer 15

Scots questioned the loyalty of the Irish to ‘queen and country’ due to thier allegiance to the Catholic church and the pope.

Question 16

Education (Catholics)

Answer 16

The large numbers of catholic Irish immigrants in the nineteenth century led to the establishment of catholic schools, particularly in the urban west of the country beginning with Glasgow in 1817.

Question 17

WW1 (Catholics)

Answer 17

United with Scots on the battlefields of WW1. Friendships formed over the common enemy of Germany.

Question 18

Trade Unions (Catholics)

Answer 18

Many of the catholic Irish were involved in the working class fight for better working conditions.

Question 19

Economic tension (Catholics)

Answer 19

During the economic depression published the infamous pamphlet ‘The Menace of the Irish Race to our Scottish Identity’ and there was increased violence toward Irish catholics.

Question 20

EXPERINCE OF JEWS

Question 21

Prejudice (Jews)

Answer 21

Although there was some resentment towards poorer ews and some antisemitism, the Jews are thought to have faced less hostilty than some other immigrant groups.

Question 22

Poor Relief (Jews)

Answer 22

Jews organised thier own welfare and were rarely seen by Scots as a burden on society.

Question 23

Religion (Jews)

Answer 23

The Jewish population developed in to a community and built synagogues to worship in such as at south portland street in glasgow, built at a cost of £9,000.

Question 24

Language (Jews)

Answer 24

Maintainted a distinct idenity by continuing to speak Yiddish and read Yiddish newspapers.

Question 25

Settlement (Jews)

Answer 25

Jewish tended to live togther in similar areas, for example by 1914 there were an estimated 7,000 Jews in Glasgow.

Question 26

Education (Jews)

Answer 26

Opportunities offered by the scottish education system allowed young Jews to improve their life chances. Many Jewish immigrants worked hard at school to go to university attending Edinurgh and Glasgow Universities in particular.

Question 27

Business (Jews)

Answer 27

Jewish immigrants tended to set up small businesses from peddlers and hawkers to shopeepers such as tailors, bakers and cabinet makers, to clothing manufacturers.

Question 28

Trade Unions (Jews)

Answer 28

Tension with trade unions which complained that Jewish owned businesses forced workers to work longer hours for less pay in the 'sweated trades' such as tailoring.

Question 29

EXPERINCE of Lithuanians

Question 30

Surnames (Lithuainians)

Answer 30

Many changed their surnames in an effort to integrate better in to Scots society. For example, Bernotaitisi was changed to Brown.

Question 31

WW1(Lithuainians)

Answer 31

Considered by the British as Russians Lithuanians faced the choice of conscription in the British army or forced deportation for military service to Russia.

Question 32

Politics (Lithuanians)

Answer 32

After the Russian Revolution in 1917, some Scots viewed Lithuanians with suspicion as a communist threat.

Question 33

Language (Lithuanians)

Answer 33

The community maintained Lithuanian speaking shops and insurance societies. Lithuanian newspapers were published such as 'Vestel' and 'time'.

Question 34

Trade Unions (Lithuanians)

Answer 34

In time Lithuanians gave a convincing display of loyalty to the trade Union movement which improved relations with Scots.

Question 35

Employment (Lithuanians)

Answer 35

Immigration from Lithuania was met with hostility as it was believed that Lithuanians were brought in to break strikes.

Question 36

Mining (Lithuanians)

Answer 36

Lithuanians were often employed in mining industries during strikes.

Question 37

Protesting with scots (Lithuanians)

Answer 37

Many Lithuanians were involved in the working class flight including strike action - for better working conditions.

Question 38

EXPERINCES of Italians

Question 39

Ice cream parlours

Answer 39

Ice cream parlours were established which were popular with young working class scots in particular as a place to socialise.

Question 40

Nicknames (Italians)

Answer 40

Originally Itialian immigrants were nicknames 'hokey pokey' men as they sold ice creams from barrows.

Question 41

Cafes (Italians)

Answer 41

Italians also established their own family run cafes and fish and chip shops and by 1905 there were 336 in Glasgow.

Question 42

Religion (Italians)

Answer 42

Some Scots condemned the Italians as 'Sabbath' breakers due to their business being opened on a Sunday.

Question 43

Idenity (Italians)

Answer 43

Working long hours in cafes and chip shops meant that Italians maintained a distinct sense of identity from Scots.

Question 44

Fascism (Italians)

Answer 44

With the rise to power of Mussolini in Italy in the 1920s some Scots became suspicious that Italians may be Fascist sympathisers.

Question 45

Prejudice (Italians)

Answer 45

Italians faced some prejudice, for example being nicknames 'tallies'. However in general Italians were welcomed by Scots as they were not seen as a threat to Scots or wages.

Question 46

Language (Italians)

Answer 46

Italian was spoken at home, food was in the Italian style and children were expected to marry Italians which kept the Italian language and culture alive.