Key Terms Flashcards

Question

Practical completion

Answer 1

Contractual term used in a building contract to signify the date on which a project is handed over to the client - CA certifies PC when all the works described in the contract have been carried out - It has the effect of: - releasing half the retention - ending contractors liability for liquidated damages - signifying the beginning of the defects liability period

Answer 2

Record of information for client or end user containing the relevant H&S info. Required on all projects involving more than one contractor Includes: - description of the works - residual risk register - key structural information - hazardous material - cleaning and maintenance - location and marking of significant services

Answer 3

Minimum standards for design, construction and alteration to almost every building - ensures H&S for people in and about those buildings - act as a brief to ensure developments comply with H&S requirements E.g's Part A - Structures, Part B - Fire safety, Part L - Conservation of fuel and power, Part M - Access to and use of Buildings

Answer 4

Reportable when someone dies or is injured as a consequence of a work related injury. If someone is off sick for more than 7 days = reportable

Answer 5

Focusses on preventing workers exposure that may cause harm | PPE is last line of defence

Answer 6

Applies to employers / employees in asbestos environments Places duties on the employers to issue correct PPE and protect employees from asbestos Owner of property has duty to locate and manage asbestos

Answer 7

Access and provide suitable PPE to employees and visitors maintain and replace instruction and training

Answer 8

- avoid where possible - appropriate supervision - suitable selection of equipment - appropriate protection

Answer 9

record of past or forecast of the future

Answer 10

Summary of organisations financial activity over a 12 month period - shows tracking of money (in & out) - profit and loss (company performance) - balance sheet - use information for future business planning - highlights problem areas - submit to companies house (annually)

Answer 11

UK register of companies | - used to maintain corporate transparency, understand policy impact and enable govt to levy corporation tax (18%)

Answer 12

Summary of a businesses transactions (income and expenditure) for a given period / year - shows income / turnover less cost of sales less cost of operating expenses = operating profit / loss (net margin)

Answer 13

Summary of financial balances at the of the financial year - It shows how well your assets / liabilities are managed - Includes: fixed assets, current assets, long term liabilities, current liabilities, working capital, shared capital and reserves

Answer 14

Record of cash receipts and cash payments | - An increase / decrease in cash balances or borrowings

Answer 15

Information to people in the company - bespoke / personalised - include KPIs - business planning tool

Answer 16

``` Info for external people statutory requirement and format covers entire organisation typically annual filed at companies house ```

Answer 17

reviews accounts of companies and organisations to ensure the validity and legality of their financial records - confirm accounting practices are genuine and follow correct and consistent principles

Answer 18

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles - UK Standard - Ensures minimum level of consistency in a companies financial statements

Answer 19

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of accounting standards that govern how particular types of transactions and events should be reported in financial statements. They were developed and are maintained by the International Accounting Standards Board. 4 Principles - clarity, relevance, reliability, and comparability.

Answer 20

A formal statement of company goals and plans for achieving them

Answer 21

An assessment tool used to identify and evaluate internal factors - It can be used to set objectives and inform the mission statement - Stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

Answer 22

An assessment tool to help identify opportunities and risks to the business Stands for: political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental

Answer 23

short statement of an organisations purpose, identifying the goal of its operation * M3 = ‘Delivering development’ * RICS = ‘Our mission is to be recognised in key worldwide markets as the leading body that sets and enforces standards and offers access to the most sought after professional status in land, property and construction.’

Answer 24

* Company’s road map, indicates what the company wants to become. Description of what an organisation would like to achieve or accomplish in the mid-term or long-term. * M3 = “To be London’s most sought-after consultancy for development management and project management”

Answer 25

1. continue to support the profession in covid-19 recover and seek to minimise increases to subscription costs 2. utilise surplus in cash generation to pay back furlough monies received via UK govt covid job retention scheme 3. maintain and increase demand for RICS qualifications with primary goal to ensure RICS qualifications remain relevant for future generations

Answer 26

- Double in size over next 5 years - Diversify our client base - Invest in our people

Answer 27

ITHRIVE | integrity, trust, honesty, respect, independence, vision and excellence

Answer 28

The use of methods such as mediation or arbitration to resolve dispute without resort to litigation

Answer 29

A serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one

Answer 30

To discuss a matter with a view to a settlement or a compromise

Answer 31

Informal but structured settlement procedure where a mediator is employed to facilitate an amicable dispute settlement

Answer 32

the same as mediation but third party will provide a non-binding settlement proposal

Answer 33

An ADR process which applies to all construction contracts in the UK (under the Housing grants, construction and regeneration act 1996) An adjudicator is chosen and the decision is binding. The adjudicator does not award legal costs

Answer 34

More formal, contract based dispute resolution procedure that mirrors litigation - Governed by the arbitration act 1996 Both sides agree to let a third party adjudicator decide the case - legally binding and limited rights to appeal

Answer 35

Process of engaging / contesting legal action in court as a means of resolving dispute - decided by a judge - last resort - must have attempted to resolve through all other forms

Answer 36

raw, unorganised facts that need to be processed primary = data observed or collected directly from first hand experience secondary = involves the use of data already collected from someone else

Answer 37

How data is stored, managed, shared and presented

Answer 38

- Update to EU legislation in line with ways in which data and technology is used now - gives public more say over how organisations can access their data and what they do with it - higher penalties for breaches and non-compliance (up to 4% of annual turnover or 20 mil euros (whichever is higher)

Answer 39

The Act replaces previous 1998 legislation and manages how personal data is processed by organisations and the government - It is the UK legislation for the implementation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation

Answer 40

Gives the right to access/ review information held by public authories - Idea to promote more openness from the govt - excludes access to personal data

Answer 41

combined action of a group, especially when effective and efficient`

Answer 42

Theory which focuses on the way in which a team tackles a task from the initial formation of the team through to completion - stages include forming, storming, norming and performing

Answer 43

Theory where team roles are categorised as social/ thinking / action Each has their own strengths and weaknesses e.g. the specialist (knowledge and skill in rare supply) or the shaper (motivator)

Answer 44

where our brains / people make quick judgements and assessments of people and situations without realising Biases can be influenced by backgrounds, cultural envr and personal experiences

Answer 45

legally protects people from discrimination in the workplace and in wider society

Answer 46

Gives legal protection of your human rights, such as your right to education or freedom of expression each article deals with a different right

Answer 47

An environment that is inclusive and accessible to all

Answer 48

Developers, designers and owners of a building have a responsibility to ensure that the built envr is accessible to everyone wherever it is practical to do so.

Answer 49

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Answer 50

Means balancing your carbon emissions by offsetting an equivalent amount of carbon as the amount you produce Can be done through avoidance or removal offset

Answer 51

Used to counter the GHG emissions you produce by reducing emissions somewhere else. Two types of offsetting: avoidance / removal

Answer 52

Economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources. System that is designed to maximise the value of products and materials while in use, then recover and repurpose them at the end of their lives

Answer 53

- Passed in the UK in 2008 & set out emission reduction targets that the UK must legally comply with - Committed to reducing its GHGs by 80% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels - Made more ambitious in 2019 when the UK became the first major economy to commit to a net zero target - New target = net zero by 2050

Answer 54

COP (Conference of Parties) is the decision making body of the UN framework convention on climate change. COP26 = most recent, where world leaders discussed actions taken towards the goals of the Paris Agreement and shared knowledge. A number of decisions were made e.g. end of deforestation by 2030, reduce use of fossil fuels, rules for global carbon market and alignment in reporting dates

Answer 55

Total GHG emissions produced from the creation of an asset. - Typically is cradle-to-gate - EU Framework A1-A5 which includes the production (manufacturing and materials) and Construction (transport and installation) - Excludes operational emissions - Expressed as kgCO2/kg of material / product

Answer 56

refers to the three key factors in measuring sustainability and social impact of a business. Investors are increasingly applying these factors as part of their analysis process to identify material risks and growth opportunities when investing

Answer 57

A method used to assess and evaluate the envr impacts associated with every stage of a products life across its value chain. (Cradle-to-grave) Looks at energy and materials used, along with waste and pollutants produced as a consequence of a product or activity are quantified over project lifecycle

Answer 58

Carbon emissions’ association with energy consumption (operational energy) while the building is occupied. EU Framework - Stages B (In use - maintenance, operation and refurbishment) and Stage C (End of Life - deconstruction, transport, disposal, waste, reuse/recycle)

Answer 59

The carbon emissions resulting from the materials, construction and the use of a building over its entire life, including its demolition and disposal. A WLC assessment provides a true picture of a building's carbon impact on the environment.

Answer 60

A commitment to net zero requires action to reduce your carbon emissions to an absolute minimum - the goal is to balance the emissions you produce and remove from the earths atmosphere. To be net zero, you can only offset through removal offset as you need to remove the carbon from the atmosphere

Answer 61

Legally binding agreement adopted in COP21 in Paris. Agreement was signed by 196 countries in 2016 as a commitment to action climate change. Its central goal is to limit global warming by 1.5 degrees compared to pre industrial temperatures

Answer 62

Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method An assessment method which assesses, rates and certifies the sustainability of a building

Answer 63

Performance based system for measuring, certifying and monitoring features of the built envr that impact human health and wellbeing through 7 key concepts such as air, water, mind

Answer 64

A system for rating energy efficiency of office buildings. | Supports the concept of design for performance based on operational outcome rather than design for compliance

Answer 65

Digital connectivity rating scheme that acts as an independent digital connectivity benchmark and provides landlords with insights to enhance their buildings digital infrastructure

Answer 66

CSR refers to practices and policies undertaken by corporations intended to have a positive influence on the world

Answer 67

An agreement by two or more parties that is enforceable by law

Answer 68

Joint Contract Tribunal is a limited company who produce a range of standard forms of contract

Answer 69

Traditional procurement route Large, complex projects where detailed contracts are required fixed price lump sum

Answer 70

D&B procurement route Contractor carries out construction works and completes design Suitable where detailed provisions needed Price and payment structure = fixed. Can be single or two stage tender

Answer 71

CM procurement route risk sits with the employer employer appoints separate trade contractors to carry out the works and a CM (almost like a consultant to manage)

Answer 72

Smaller projects less than 12 months and less that £250k

Answer 73

D&B procurement route Suitable for more experienced clients and contractors who require less procedural provisions within the contract and because they have their own in-house procedures Transfers more risk to the contractor - EoTs not available for weather conditions or non-availability of labour and materials

Answer 74

Suite of contracts published by the ICE Contracts have characteristics such as: - good management of relationships between parties - intended for wide commercial situations - clear and simple docs (in terms of language and structure)

Answer 75

Appoints contractor to carry out construction works over a set period of time on a call off basis as and when required - reduces procurement timeframe

Answer 76

Collaborative management approach that encourages openness and trust between parties to a contract - The parties then become dependent on each other for success, and requires a change in culture, attitude, procedures throughout the supply chain - most commonly used on large, long term or high risk contractors

Answer 77

A contract where the client contracts designers and or other consultants - Typically clients have their own T&Cs that are then negotiated to suite

Answer 78

Typically used on a D&B or traditional contracts where the contractor is to design discrete parts of the works - They provide a description of client requirements including specifications for the building, scope of services required from the contractor and an allocation of risk for unknown items

Answer 79

Proposals presented by a contractor to the client in response to a tender that includes the ERs The CPs may match the ERs, although certain aspects may be varied based on value engineered solutions and additional information may be submitted to clarify what is in the tender. The CPs form an integral component of the Building Contract documentation

Answer 80

Defined role under the JCT major and standard forms of D&B contract. The role is a combination of acting as the clients representative and protecting their interests with the need to impartially administer the building contract including any assessment of contractual claims / disputes

Answer 81

Pre-construction services agreement enables the clients to employ contractors before the main construction contract commences Typically part of a two stage tender process, used in the first stage to procure contractor involvement in the design process

Answer 82

means of protection against the non performance of a contractor

Answer 83

means of ensuring a client against the risk of the contractor failing to fulfil his contractual obligations typically 10% of the contract issued by an insurance company or a bank

Answer 84

known as a 'down payment' typically required if the contractor requires advance payment to help them meet significant start up/ procurement costs that may have been incurred before construction begins

Answer 85

process by which contractual rights and obligations are transferred from one party to another

Answer 86

the right to transfer 'choses in action' defined as 'all personal rights of property which can only be claimed or enforced by action and not taking physical possession. definition includes benefits arising under a construction contract such as right to payment but not burdens such as obligation to pay

Answer 87

Standalone agreement between client and contractor / consultant that allows a third party to enforce the terms of the contract, typically tenants or funders. May not know at contract signing therefore have to sign post contract. e.g. terms to enforce: compliance with building regulations, not built in accordance with specification, duty of care

Answer 88

Allows a person who is not party to the contract to enforce a term of the contract if the contract provides that they may or the contract term claims to confer a benefit to them. 3rd party must be identified included within the contract

Answer 89

covers physical damage to the works and site materials | can be taken out by employer / contractor but commonly together

Answer 90

insures against liability arising from professional negligence required if providing advice RICS obligation

Answer 91

protects against liability for injury to people or damage to property arising out of products supplied by a business

Answer 92

covers liability arising from death or personal injury to third parties other than the insured's own employees and for damage to properties belonging to third parties

Answer 93

all firms who employ staff are legally required to hold this insurance pays compensation if an employee is injured or becomes ill because of the work they do for the employer

Answer 94

typically lasts for ten years from original construction of a building covers defects that emerge after defect liability period usually must be arranged in advance and it protects the owner against the cost of remedying the structure of a building due to a defect

Answer 95

genuine pre-estimate of a clients loss should the completion date be missed

Answer 96

included in construction contracts whereby they allow the construction period to be extended where there is delay that is not the contractors fault When apparent there is/ is likely to be delay the contractor gives written notice to the CA identifying the relevant event that may grant an EoT

Answer 97

delay on a project caused by the client or may be a neutral event such as exceptionally adverse weather

Answer 98

relates to exceptional, unforeseen events or circumstances that are beyond reasonable control of a party to a contract and which prevent or impede performance obligations under the contract

Answer 99

JCT contracts A matter for which the client is responsible that materially affects the progress of the works. This may enable the contractor to claim direct loss and expense that has been incurred

Answer 100

referred to in NEC contracts Broadly, tend to be those events that impact on the completion date, but are not the contractors fault. Not treated as allocation of blame, but rather an allocation of risk

Answer 101

construction contracts will generally provide for the contractor to claim direct loss and / or expense as a result of the progress of the works being materially affected by relevant matters for which the client is responsible

Answer 102

A document that captures the clients requirements and sets out how these will be achieved

Answer 103

initial client objectives and business case drivers (cost, time, quality) any known opportunities, constraints and project risks

Answer 104

developed to capture rationale for initiating a project | 5 case methodology = strategic, economic, financial, commercial and management case

Answer 105

takes forward the strategic brief and develops through stages 1 - 2 to form the basis of the project going forward

Answer 106

Combo of business case, strategic brief and project brief. live document from stage 1 that does 3 things: - ensures rationale before client commits to the project - acts as a baseline definition and its objectives used to inform decisions - used to evaluate success

Answer 107

Main communication tool which sets out how the project is executed and controlled

Answer 108

changes to a project may have impacts of T/C/Q. Broadly, the later in the development of the project that changes occur, the greater those impacts are likely to be - Any changes need to be agreed with the client

Answer 109

Preliminary studies undertaken early on a project The purpose is to establish whether the project is viable, help identify feasible options and assist in the development of other project documentation such as the business case, PEP and strategic brief

Answer 110

``` setting a vision & direction ability to influence others understanding people and how they react to certain directive styles motivate and inspire people FOLLOW them ```

Answer 111

People WORK for them | controlling the team envr towards achieving goals (planning, organising and coordinating)

Answer 112

makes decisions without consulting team members appropriate when quick decision is needed, no need for team input and team agreement isnt necessary for successful outcome

Answer 113

make the final decisions but include team members in the decision making process encourages creativity and people are often highly engaged in projects and decisions team members often have high job satisfaction and productivity

Answer 114

5 tier motivational theory which says key needs must be met for the worker to feel motivated basis needs - physiological and safety physiological needs = belongingness, love and esteem self-fulfilment = self-actualisation

Answer 115

talks about hygiene factors (job salary, security etc) which don't cause satisfaction but can cause dissatisfaction if not met motivators (recognition and responsibility) which cause satisfaction and cause the team to work harder

Answer 116

responsibility organisational chart | stands for responsible, accountable, consulted and informed

Answer 117

A group of people who share a common vision, goals, metrics, and who collaborate, challenge and hold each other accountable to achieve outstanding results Members have a clear vision of where they are headed and what they want to accomplish

Answer 118

Protects individuals from unfair treatment, promoting a fairer and equal society

Answer 119

Covers duties of employers and employees (e.g. unfair dismissal)

Answer 120

Sets out responsibility for each element of design at each stage of the design development process and to what level of detail Should increase in detail to allocate responsibility for specific elements, systems and products

Answer 121

A person appointed by a client to lead and manage the project and be accountable for its successful completion

Answer 122

An undertaking to achieve a specified objective, usually defined in terms of technical performance (scope), cost (budget), and time (programme) Projects are characterised by being unique and having a defined start and end date

Answer 123

reducing cost whilst maintaining value includes modification of design and systems according to value analysis undertaken

Answer 124

identifying what is value to the client should be done at earliest possible stage procedure to ensure objectives can be met and quality isn't compromised

Answer 125

considers all costs associated with the life of the building from inception to construction, occupation and operation and disposal Methodology for systematic economic evaluation used to establish the total cost of ownership or the whole life costing of options appraisals An assessment of value for money (better than construction costs)

Answer 126

Royal Institute of British Architects

Answer 127

Framework for design and construction that offers both a process map and management tool. Split into 8 Stages. 0 - Strategic definition - identifying client requirements 1 - Preparation and brief - develop project objectives - T/C/Q, sustainability etc 2 - Concept design - prepare outline design proposals 3 - Spatial coordination - coordination of design proposals 4 - Technical Design - prepare in accordance with the DRM and project strategies 5 - Manufacturing and construction - construction programme, admin of building contract & change control 6 - Handover - concludes building contract admin, handover strategy 7 - In-use - post-occupancy evaluation against project brief, project performance

Answer 128

Regulates the development of land in England and Wales S106 allows for local planning authorities and persons interested in land to agree contributions, arrangements and restrictions as planning agreements or planning obligations - money paid by a developer to LPAs in order to offset the costs of the external effects of development

Answer 129

A sequence in which tasks must be carried out to complete a project (with a pre-defined time/ duration)

Answer 130

Breaks down the project into events and activities and lays down their proper sequence, relationships and duration in the form of a network

Answer 131

refinement of PERT | maps the connections and dependencies between the tasks

Answer 132

Programmes expenditure throughout the project based on sequencing of works / tasks used to monitor progress through actual expenditure

Answer 133

Technique used when a delay occurs to save time in the most economical way

Answer 134

shows progress against each task but does not show overall impact of delay

Answer 135

planned programme against actual

Answer 136

Any delay to critical path activity delays the project. determines the shortest possible route to complete the project

Answer 137

technique used to move forward through network diagram to determining project duration and finding the critical path or free float of the project

Answer 138

Moving backwards from the end result to calculate late start or to find if there is any slack in the activity

Answer 139

the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the subsequent activity

Answer 140

the amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting the succeeding task

Answer 141

difference between the contractors planned completion dates and the completion date set in the contract Float owned by the contractor in NEC

Answer 142

Significant event that occurs during the course of a project task of zero duration

Answer 143

The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project finish date

Answer 144

key project deliverables that organises the teams work into manageable sections

Answer 145

All works below underside of screed or where no screed exists, to underside of lowest floor finishes including damp proof membrane, together with relevant excavations and foundations (includes walls to basements, designed as retaining walls

Answer 146

provides support for structures transferring their load to layers of soil or rock that have sufficient bearing capacity and suitable settlement characteristics to maintain them

Answer 147

type of deep foundation formed by long slender column elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete typically used for larger structures and where soil not suitable to prevent excessive settlement

Answer 148

driven piles into ground, displacing materials around the pile shaft outwards and downwards instead of removing noisy and disruptive but can support greater loads than bored

Answer 149

Augar to remove spoil, concrete poured in and then steel cage placed in if the boring and pouring take place simultaneously, piles are called continuous flight augar (CFA) piles

Answer 150

less noise and vibration to neighbouring buildings, sheets pushed into ground

Answer 151

male / female concrete piles interconnected by joints, used for temporary or permanent retaining walls

Answer 152

type of shallow foundation thats used to provide continuous, level strip of support to a linear structure such as a wall or closely spaced row of columns built centrally above them

Answer 153

where soil is weak or susceptible to moisture movement, the foundations should be taken deeper

Answer 154

generally shallow foundations form of spread foundation formed by rectangular, square or sometimes circular concrete 'pads' that support localised single point loads such as structural columns, group of columns or framed structures

Answer 155

RC concrete slabs of uniform thickness that cover a wide area, often the entire footprint of a building spread the load imposed by a number of columns or walls over the area of foundation and can be considered to 'float' on the ground as a raft floats on water

Answer 156

includes frame, core, floors, walls, external walls and windows

Answer 157

lengths bolted together onsite painted to prevent corrosion and intumescent paint for fire, then bolted to concrete core

Answer 158

can either be precast / insitu where formwork is used, rebar inserted and concrete poured

Answer 159

brick internal / external walls are load bearing, with timber joists / concrete floors cavity wall with insulation between external brickwork

Answer 160

floor and wall units made offsite and bolted together

Answer 161

method of pouring concrete continuous pour of concrete within formwork as continuous there will be no joints in slip form, suited to cores which will be visible

Answer 162

concrete poured into sections, allowed to dry then 'jumped' onto next level

Answer 163

Consists of a profiled steel deck, acting as a permanent soffit whilst at the same time providing the formwork for insitu concrete infill the concrete usually includes steel reinforcement to increase the strength

Answer 164

components that are attached to the primary structure of a building to form a non-structural, external surface

Answer 165

Type of slab that is constructed with hollow clay pots or blocks. Usually constructed with less concrete and reinforcement compared to a solid slab It is a lighter weight so suitable where loading is an issue. Old type of construction that isn't used as much nowadays.

Answer 166

lightweight aluminium frame with glazed panels fixed into them.. the frame is then tied back into the existing frame via joints which can be cast into the frame stick system = mullions + transoms connected to frame with glass lifted in (Fitzroy) panel system = prefab version which is fixed back into the frames and the floors

Answer 167

consists of two layers of a rigid material bonded either side of a lightweight core, so that the 3 components act as a composite

Answer 168

part of a 'double wall' system with lightweight panels on the outside acting as rain screen with insulation and vapour control layers between that and the inner wall

Answer 169

metal corrugated sheets fixed back to the steel frame, usually on industrial buildings

Answer 170

thin layer of brick which is fixed back to a frame to give impression of masonry brick wall

Answer 171

uses energy from outside air to heat air / water

Answer 172

uses energy from water sources (lakes etc) to generate heat

Answer 173

standalone units which heat and cool air within a space, using internal air only

Answer 174

Part of the wider HVAC system which takes air from outside and heats / cools it through duct system (includes chillers, condensers, boilers and cooling towers)

Answer 175

Act the same as an FCU but extracts air from a space and sends it outside (+vice versa) while recovering the heat from the extract air and using it to heat the incoming air

Answer 176

maintains internal air quality regulates temperature regulates humidity Broadly either mechanical / electrical

Answer 177

base build basic structure typically comprising the structure, its cladding, its base plant, completed common areas and external works. Also insulation, external walls, balustrade and roof

Answer 178

tenants own space completed by the developer | may include raised floors, suspended ceilings, distribution of MEP and internal surface finishes and blinds

Answer 179

final finishes and branding, installation of offices, specialist facilities, reception areas, specialist lighting, fit out of furniture and kitchen

Answer 180

fitted out by the developer, ready to use | Contract documentation will set out precisely what work is to be carried out and by who

Answer 181

a file that contains all the information required for the operation of the building for the operation, maintenance, decommissioning and demolition of the building

Answer 182

engineered timber manufactured in panels that have odd no. of softwood plank layers laid on top of each other and glued together under pressure

Answer 183

buildings made up of components manufactured on assembly lines in factories then assembled on site in a variety of arrangements

Answer 184

``` Tool used to manage the project budget. It: - Tracks expenditure - Includes a forecast to completion - includes a cashflow - shows contingencies ```

Answer 185

Plan that determines the fiscal feasibility of a project It sets out life cycle budgets Sets out cost control methods

Answer 186

Additional amount of money held above the budget to cover any changes or risks that materialise included in the capex client contingency - developers, construction and fees QS contingency - design and construction

Answer 187

An allowance estimated by a cost consultant, included in tender documents for a specific element of the works that is not yet defined in enough detail to accurately price

Answer 188

Key changes included: - Removed 'pay when paid' culture - Allows for interim, periodic or stage payments - Gave all a right to arbitration

Answer 189

An allowance, usually costed by QS, for the supply of work or materials to be provided by the contractor or supplier that will be nominated by the client

Answer 190

An allowance (or best guess) usually estimated by the QS that is inserted into the tender documents for a specific element of the works that is not yet defined in enough detail for tenderers to accurately price

Answer 191

Any changes to the project that may have impacts on time, cost or quality Can be managed by; undertaking site investigations, confirming the client brief, identifying risks, considering relevant legislation and ensuring design is coordinated

Answer 192

The overall act of obtaining construction goods or services. Includes defining the strategy of how those are procured by reviewing the clients requirements

Answer 193

the bidding process to obtain a price, and how the contractor is appointed

Answer 194

Process for selecting the most appropriate route to meet client objectives. Usually based on time, cost, quality

Answer 195

design process separated from construction, full documentation supplied by the client before contractor invited to tender (i.e. bill of quantities, drawings, specifications)

Answer 196

Main contractor is responsible for undertaking both the design and construction, for an agreed lump sum price, based on employers requirements

Answer 197

design is led by client team, CM appointed during design development, individual 'works' contracts are procured and managed on site by CM, most design responsibility sits with the client.

Answer 198

Management contractor is employed to contribute their expertise to the design and to manage construction, and is paid a fee for doing so. Management contractor has direct contractual links with all of the works contractors

Answer 199

Produced by QS / very detailed risk sits with client used more on traditional forms

Answer 200

contractor prices drawings and schedules produced by client team. up to them to ensure they have priced correctly D&B route

Answer 201

competitive tender the more traditional route, used when all the information necessary to calculate the realistic price is available when tendering commences

Answer 202

Used to allow the early appointment of a contractor, prior to completion of all the information required to enable them to offer a fixed price In the 1st stage, a limited appointment (PCSA) is agreed allowing the contractor to begin work and in the 2nd stage a fixed price is negotiated for the contract - Preferred contractor selected off pre-lims, OHPs and programme

Answer 203

The cost of administering a project and providing general plant, site staff, facilities, and site based services and other items not included in the rates. i.e. what won't be there once project complete.

Answer 204

Profit = the money the project makes after accounting for all costs and expenses. The percentage profit a contractor might apply to their tender price will vary according to risk, workload and economic climate. Overheads are often priced proportionately against a project and are the calculated costs of running the company contracted to carry out a project. E.g. head office administrative costs

Answer 205

Turnover is the total amount that a business bills to its clients, less any discounts, VAT, and so on. It includes amounts such as the shipping that is required, and any expenses that are billed to the client.

Answer 206

A single stage tender with a single contractor Would occur when client approaches contractor based on track record, previous relationship or terms of contract negotiated

Answer 207

used on public procurement - allows anyone to express an interest

Answer 208

Shortlist drawn up/ pre-agreed framework | Usually approach 3-5 parties

Answer 209

Collaborative management approach that encourages openness and trust between parties to a contract became popular following 1994 Latham report parties become dependent on each other for success and this requires a change in culture, attitude and procedures

Answer 210

Agreement with suppliers to establish terms governing contracts that may be awarded during the life of the agreement Sets out T&Cs for making specific purchases (call-offs) Reduces procurement timescales, learning curves and other risks

Answer 211

The UK public procurement process which replaced the EU OJEU process in 2020 electronic online service used to search for high-value opportunities or awarded contracts, typically over £138k including VAT

Answer 212

formulises appointment with the contractor effectively, often with an associated fee

Answer 213

individuals or groups who have an interest in the project because they are involved in the work or affected by the outcomes

Answer 214

systematic identification, analysis, planning and implementation of actions designed to engage with stakeholders

Answer 215

identifies and documents the approach taken to increase support and reduce negative impacts of stakeholders on a project

Answer 216

categorises stakeholders by their influence and how much interest they have in the project to determine the degree of engagement with each

Answer 217

A matrix of all project activities and decision making individuals / organisations to determine who is responsible, accountable, consulted or informed for each activity and decision

Answer 218

Change control is process/ processes that can lead to alteration of timescales, cost and scope of a project. Change management is the control process so that these changes are effectively recorded and implemented. Change can be initiated by the employer (e.g. altering the scope) or the contractor (e.g. due to new info on site)

Answer 219

The condenser is a set of coils, also located inside the outdoor unit. Here, a fan blows across the coils, dissipating the heat from the refrigerant inside them and allowing it to convert back into a liquid, at which point it’s sent back inside to start the process over again.

Answer 220

An accredited professional in the land, property and construction sector. A project management surveyor runs teams to deliver projects on time and on budget.

Answer 221

A methodology for the systematic economic evaluation of combined capital, operating and end-of-life costs of construction project alternatives to ensure long-term value for project funds.

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