1
Q
what is a nucleophile?
A
= a nucleophile has a lone pair of electrons and is attracted to an electron defficient partially positive carbon
examples are:
:OH
:NH3
:C=N
2
Q
What is an free radical?
A
= a species with unpaired electrons
= unstable and highly reactive
3
Q
What is a electrophile ?
A
= electron pair acceptor
4
Q
What is an addition reaction?
A
= where 2 molecules react together to form one
5
Q
A
A-Levels Chemistry:
flashcards
Decks in class (91)
# Cards
-
Atomic Structure: Recap + Key Terms18
-
Atomic Structure: Key terms.12
-
Amount of a substance: Charges on Ions + Formulae33
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Amount of a substance: General Reactions.11
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Amount of a Subtance: Ionic Equations.5
-
Atomic Structure: Atomic Orbitals.24
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Atomic Structure: Ionising energy.9
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Atomic Structure: Electron configuration.12
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Atomic Structure: Electronic config of ions.3
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Amount of a substance: Relative Atomic mass4
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Atomic Structure: First Ionisation Energy down a Group4
-
Atomic Structure: First Ionisation Energy across a period4
-
Atomic Structure: Mass Spectrometer10
-
Amount of a substance: Calculating the amount of substance from mass.7
-
Atomic Structure: Mass Spectrometer steps16
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Amount of a Substance: Limiting Reagant2
-
Amount of a substance: Percentage Yield3
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Amount of a Substance: Atom Economy5
-
Atomic Structure: Mass Spectrometer (GRAPHS).3
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Working with Solutions :5
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Time of flight Calculations:4
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Avogadro's Constant:4
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Mass Spectrometer Graph Anylasis: Cl2 and Br22
-
How to Carry Out a Titration13
-
IONIC BONDING4
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PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS:8
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Metallic Bonding:9
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COVALENT BONDING:19
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TYPES OF CRYSTALS:16
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Dative Covalent Bonding:5
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Shapes of molecules: NO LONE PAIRS9
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Effect of lone pairs on shape of the molecule5
-
Electronegativity:5
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Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules:3
-
Intermolecular Forces:10
-
Properties of Simple Molecular Substances:8
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Reactivity of Group 2 Elements:5
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Properties of Group 2 Compounds:8
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Group 2 reactions + Observations11
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Group 2 Hydroxides:4
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Uses of group 2 elements + compounds:9
-
Titanium:7
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Testing for group 2 ions and anions5
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Period 3 elements;2
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Enthalpy11
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Standard Enthalpy Changes6
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Standard Enthalpy Change of Combustion5
-
Equations3
-
Introduction to Enthalpy Cycles4
-
Making a standard solution:6
-
Bond enthalpies:9
-
Revision "Reversible Reactions and Dynamic Equilibria7
-
Le Chatelier's Principle and Concentration4
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Le Chatelier's Principle and pressire4
-
Le Chatelier's Principle and Temperature3
-
Kc constant4
-
Factors effecting equalibrian3
-
Testing for ammonium ions3
-
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols6
-
Volatility and Solubility of Alcohols1
-
Oxidation of Primary Alcohols8
-
Oxidation of secondary and teritary alcohols:4
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Dehydration of Alcohols5
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Structure and Reactivity of Alkenes6
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"Electrophilic Addition of Hydrogen Halide to Alkenes SYMETRICAL5
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Markownikoff's Rule for Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes UNSYMETTRICAL ALKENES2
-
reflux, distillation, fractional distillation10
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Oxidation of aldehdes and ketons3
-
Fermentation:5
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Electrophilic Addition of a Halogen to Alkenes1
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Hydration of Alkenes3
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"Reaction between Alkenes and Sulfuric Acid5
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Testing for functional groups:8
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Additional polymers11
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Ethanol as bifuel5
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Organic Analysis: mass spectrometer5
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Formation of ethanol from ethene5
-
infrared spectromesery@14
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Environmental Effects of Addition Polymers"6
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Global warming + greenhouse effect1
-
key terms5
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reduction of aldehydes and ketons9
-
addition of hydrogen cyanide to form hydroxynitriles9
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optical isomerism11
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carboxylic acids9
-
esterfication6
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uses for ester4
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Hydrolosis of esters7
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Fats and salts2
-
Biodiesel1
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indicators and their colours and ph curves7
