borrowing/loan words
words from another language e.g ‘chocolat’ from France
eponym
the name of a person whom something is named after
clipping
a new word produced by an existing one e.g ‘edit’ from ‘editor’
conversion
a word that changes word classes
initialism
e.g ‘CD’
acronym
e.g ‘RADAR’
compound
combing separate words to create a new one e.g ‘foot-print’