key terms for unit 3

Question 1

French and Indian War

Answer 1

1754–1763 war between Britain and France over North American territory; led to British debt and new colonial taxes

Question 2

Treaty of Paris 1763

Answer 2

Ended the French and Indian War; Britain gained Canada and land east of the Mississippi River

Question 3

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 3

British law banning colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

Question 4

Stamp Act

Answer 4

1765 tax on printed materials; first direct tax on colonists, sparked major protest

Question 5

Sons of Liberty

Answer 5

Group of colonial protesters who resisted British taxes and authority

Question 6

Boston Massacre

Answer 6

1770 event where British soldiers killed five colonists, increasing anti-British sentiment

Question 7

Boston Tea Party

Answer 7

1773 protest where colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor

Question 8

Intolerable Acts

Answer 8

Punitive laws passed by Britain after the Boston Tea Party to punish Massachusetts

Question 9

First Continental Congress

Answer 9

1774 meeting of colonial leaders to coordinate resistance to Britain

Question 10

Lexington and Concord

Answer 10

First battles of the American Revolution in April 1775

Question 11

Second Continental Congress

Answer 11

Colonial governing body during the Revolution; managed war and moved toward independence

Question 12

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 12

1775 attempt by colonists to reconcile with Britain; rejected by King George III

Question 13

Common Sense

Answer 13

Thomas Paine pamphlet arguing for independence from Britain

Question 14

Declaration of Independence

Answer 14

1776 document declaring American independence and listing grievances against Britain

Question 15

Saratoga

Answer 15

1777 turning point victory that convinced France to support the U.S.

Question 16

Yorktown

Answer 16

1781 final major battle where British forces surrendered

Question 17

Treaty of Paris 1783

Answer 17

Ended the Revolutionary War and recognized U.S. independence

Question 18

Articles of Confederation

Answer 18

First U.S. government with a weak central authority

Question 19

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 19

1787 law establishing a process for territories to become states and banning slavery in the Northwest Territory

Question 20

Shays’ Rebellion

Answer 20

1786–1787 uprising of farmers highlighting weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Question 21

Constitutional Convention

Answer 21

1787 meeting that created the U.S. Constitution

Question 22

Great Compromise

Answer 22

Agreement creating a bicameral legislature with proportional and equal representation

Question 23

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 23

Counted three-fifths of enslaved people for representation and taxation

Question 24

Federalists

Answer 24

Supported a strong national government and ratification of the Constitution

Question 25

Anti-Federalists

Answer 25

Opposed the Constitution without protections for individual rights

Question 26

Bill of Rights

Answer 26

First ten amendments guaranteeing civil liberties

Question 27

Hamilton’s financial plan

Answer 27

Plan to stabilize the economy through debt assumption, a national bank, and taxes

Question 28

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 28

1794 protest against whiskey tax showing federal authority

Question 29

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 29

1794 agreement with Britain to avoid war and settle disputes

Question 30

XYZ Affair

Answer 30

Diplomatic incident where French officials demanded bribes from U.S. envoys

Question 31

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 31

Laws limiting immigration and free speech, targeting critics of the government

Question 32

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Answer 32

Asserted that states could judge the constitutionality of federal laws

Question 33

Election of 1800

Answer 33

Peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans

Question 34

12th Amendment

Answer 34

Required separate electoral votes for president and vice president