Key terms (pre-midterm)

Question 1

internal validity

Answer 1

degree of certainty to which the data collected demonstrates a causal relationship

Question 2

external validity

Answer 2

degree of certainty to which the data collected can be applied to individuals outside of a lab environment

Question 3

study designs in order of validity type

Answer 3

highest external validity
- observational studies
- other correlational studies
- quasi and field experiments
- lab experiments
highest internal validity

Question 4

observational studies (types + traits)

Answer 4

• naturalistic
• participant
• structured
  Pros & Cons:

Question 5

correlational studies (types + traits)

Answer 5

• surveys & analyzing pre-existing data sets
  Pros & Cons

Question 6

Main issues with correlational data

Answer 6

• the directionality problem
• third variable problem

Question 7

variable types + meaning

Answer 7

dependant
independant
control
confounding

Question 8

methods to reduce experimental error

Answer 8

• random assignment
• cover story
• confederates
• blind + double blind

Question 9

quasi experiments

Question 10

field experiments

Question 11

Biases in experiments

Answer 11

• self selection bias
• self presentation bias
• confirmation bias
• experimental demand

Question 12

experimental ethics procedures

Answer 12

• board approval
• informed consent
• debriefing after experiments