Kidney?

Question 1

Low flow to the kidney - what does it do?

Answer 1

1. The macula densa senses low flow, and signals the JG apparatus this will lead to release of NO to the AFFerent arteriole to dilate it (increase flow in)
2. The JG apparatus will also stop inhibition of renin, increasing renin, and trigging RAAS
3. Ang2 from the RAAS will act on the EFFerent arterioles and trigger constriction (less flow out - more forced through the glomerulus)
4. Ang2 will also constrict vessels throughout the body, leading to HTN to increase overall perfusion of the kidney.

In other words, increase availability, improve flow, and reduce waste

Question 2

Tx for dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

Answer 2

Call nephro. Presents with neuro sx, likely secondary to cranial edema, and can give IV Mannitol

Question 3

Fever, low specific gravity of urine and low molecular weight proteinuria (not albumin) is suggestive of

Answer 3

ATN - can be caused by overuse of NSAIDs, is usually drug induced. Tubular cause is suggested by the non-albumin proteinuria

Question 4

ECG for HyperK+

Answer 4

Peaked T waves

Question 5

ECG for Hypo K+

Answer 5

U waves