Kidney

Question 1

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors site of action

give examples

Answer 1

proximal tubule

reduces reabsorption of water

acetazolamide

Question 2

Osmotic diuretics

Answer 2

proximal tubule

reduces reabsorption of water

mannitol

Question 3

Loop diuretics

Answer 3

Ascending loop

furosemide
bumetidine
ethacrynic acid

Question 4

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 4

distal tubule

inhibit Na-Cl transporter

hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazone
Metolazone
Indapamide

Question 5

Potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 5

collecting ducts

spironolactone
amiloride
triamterene

Question 6

Tests of glomerular function

Answer 6

*creatitine clearnace
BUN
Creatinine

Question 7

Tests of tubular function

Answer 7

Fractiona excretin of sodium

Urine osmolarity

Urine sodium concentration

urine speific gravity

Question 8

BUN normal value and what it tests

Answer 8

10-20

tests of glomerular filtration

Question 9

Creatinine normal value and what it tests

Answer 9

0.7-1.5

glomerular filtration

Question 10

Creatitine clearance

Answer 10

110-150 mL/min

best indicator of glomerular function

Question 11

Fractional excretion of Na+ normal value and what it measures

Answer 11

1-3%

tubular function (concentrating ability)

Question 12

Urine osmolality normal

Answer 12

65-1400 mOs/kg

Question 13

Urine sodium concentration normal

Answer 13

130-260 mE/day

Question 14

Urine specific gravity normal

Answer 14

1.003-1.030

Question 15

What drugs do you need increase the spacing/interval in AKI

Answer 15

Acetaminophen
acetylsalici acid

Question 16

AKI diagnosis

Answer 16

50% increase in creatinine and UO < 0.5 mL/kg/ hr for 6 hours

Question 17

NS 3rd spacing replacement in AKI

Answer 17

NS 2-3 mL/kg/hr

Question 18

small blood loss replacement in AKI

Answer 18

3:1 crystalloids

Question 19

Lg blood loss replacemeng AKI

Answer 19

1:1 blood or colloids

Question 20

CKD diagnosis

Answer 20

GFR < 60 mL/min for 3 months

Question 21

Kidney damage GFR

Answer 21

> 90

Question 22

Mild stage CKD

Answer 22

GFR 60-90

Question 23

Moderate stage CKD

Answer 23

GFR 30-60

Question 24

severe statge CKD

Answer 24

15-30 GFR

Question 25

end stage CKD

Answer 25

<15 GFR

Question 26

uremic syndrome

Answer 26

failure to excrete toxins

Question 27

uremic syndrome indicator

Answer 27

BUN

Question 27

Uremic bleeding diagnosis

Answer 27

increased bleeding time normal clotting factors

Question 28

uremic syndrome treatment

Answer 28

dialysis protein restricted diet

Question 28

uremic bleeding tx

Answer 28

desmopressin dialysis

Question 29

renal osteodystrophy

Answer 29

demineralization of bones

Question 30

renal osteodystrophy cause

Answer 30

hyperparathyroid

Question 31

renal osteodystrophy tx

Answer 31

vit D antacids parathyroidectomy

Question 32

5 dialysis indicators

Answer 32

1. volume overload 2. persistent hyper K 3. severe metaolic acidosis 4. hyperuremia 5. OD with drug cleared by dialysis

Question 33

dialysis complications

Answer 33

disequilibrium and dementia hypotension and arrhythmias hypoxemia ascites cramping

Question 34

Sedation for fistula surgery

Answer 34

MAC with minimal sedation these patients are very sick

Question 35

sedation for nephrectomy

Answer 35

General may do regional for post op pain

Question 36

complication nephrectomy

Answer 36

vessel/organ injury pneumothorax hemorrhage hypothermia