KIDNEY

Question 1

define : azotemia

Answer 1

increased BUN + creatinine b/c of decreased glomerular filtration rate

Question 2

azotemia + clinical manifestations

Answer 2

uremia

Question 3

define : nephritic syndrome

commonly seen in?

Answer 3

mild proteinuria, HTN, hematuria

acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 4

define: rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Answer 4

nephritic syndrome with rapid decline in GFR

Question 5

define: nephrotic syndrome

Answer 5

heavy proteinuria(3.5 gm/day), hypoalbuminemia, severe edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria

Question 6

is acute renal failure reversible

Answer 6

YES

Question 7

** 4 stage of chronic renal failure **

Answer 7

1. diminished renal reserve = GFR 50% of normal
   - normal BUN/creatinine - asymptomatic
2. renal insufficiency = GFR 20-50% normal
   - azotemia,anemia, HTN
3. chronic renal failure = GFR 20-25% of normal
   - metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, edema
4. end-stage renal disease = GFR less than 5% of normal

Question 8

systemic diseases associated w/ glomerular disease

Answer 8

amyloidosis, SLE, diabetes, vasculitis

Question 9

components of glomerular capillary wall

Answer 9

1. fenestrated endothelial layer
2. GBM-electronegativity
3. visceral epithelial cells (podocytes)- filtration slits
   - responsible for PROTEINS

supported by mesangial cells

Question 10

define : crescents

which molecule is responsible for formation?

Answer 10

accumulation of epithelial cells with infiltrating leukocytes
-FIBRIN

Question 11

ant-GBM nephritis attacks what?

Answer 11

NCI domain of collagen type IV

Question 12

Heymann Nephritis characteristics

Answer 12

electron dense deposits along SUBEPITHELIAL

GRANULAR - IF microscopy

Question 13

** Anti-GMB antibody induced glomerulonephritis

Answer 13

LINEAR- IF microscopy

deposit in the basement membrane

Question 14

IF GRANULAR associated w?

Answer 14

circulating and in situ immune complex nephritis

-granular b/c they deposit everywhere along glomeruli

Question 15

progressive renal damage leads to which two major histologic characteristics?

Answer 15

1. FSGS

2. tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Question 16

describe: FSGS

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer 16

1. adaptive changes in undamaged glomeruli (hypertrophy) maintain renal fxn for awhile.
2. cant maintain - so proteinuria and SGS develops- then uremia

Question 17

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis comes after?

most common age group

Answer 17

1-4 weeks after impetigo

kids 6-10, but adults also affected