What kind of relationship does systemic diseases have on body systems?
Multidirectional.
Describe the relationship between periodontitis and kidney disease.
The number of people that have kidney disease and periodontitis together was higher than those who were healthy. Mortality rates are higher in individuals that have period and periodontitis.
Oral inflammation more likely in people with systemic inflammatory disease. Higher death rate in patients with combined CKD and perio compared with CKD only
Describe the relationship between periodontitis and kidney disease.
The number of people that have kidney disease and periodontitis together was higher than those who were healthy. Mortality rates are higher in individuals that have period and periodontitis.
Oral inflammation more likely in people with systemic inflammatory disease. Higher death rate in patients with combined CKD and perio compared with CKD only.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephrons.
What are the three distinct parts of the microscopic kidney?
- cortex (85% of all kidney nephrons here)
- medulla (the site where urine is concentrated, prevents excessive water loss)
- pelvis (collection area for urine which is funnelled into the ureter)
What are the three distinct parts of the microscopic kidney?
- cortex (85% of all kidney nephrons here)
- medulla (the site where urine is concentrated, prevents excessive water loss)
- pelvis (collection area for urine which is funnelled into the ureter to bladder).
Capsule, cortex, renal papilla of pyramid, pelvis, column, pyramid.
What type of fibrous tissue outlines the kidney?
Dense irregular fibrous tissue.
Where does the kidney get its blood supply from and how many litres of blood does the kidney process a day?
- The renal artery (which comes from the abdominal aorta).
- 1500 litres of blood a day (contains 20% of blood volume).
- Processes 1.2 litres of blood per minute (1/5 of CO).
What are the blood vessels of the kidney in order?
- renal artery
- segmental arteries
- lobar arteries
- interlobar arteries
- arcuate arteries
- interlobular arteries
- afferent arterioles
- glomelular capillaries
- efferent arterioles
- peritubular capillaries
- interlobular veins.
- arcuate veins
- lobar veins
- segmental veins
- renal vein
- inferior vena cava.
THE SHAPE OF THESE CAPILLARIES HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN WATER REABSORPTION.
What do the kidneys secrete in response to a fall in blood pressure and also hypoxia?
Renin. Erythropoetin.
What are the two types of nephrons and what do they do?
Corticol- primarily located within the cortex- they have short loop of henre that ony jjust extends into medulla
Juxtamedullary- next to medulla, thes hav very long loops that extend long into medulla- reabsorb water and conc urine.
15% are jux nephrons.
What are the two types of nephrons and what do they do?
Corticol- primarily located within the cortex- they have short loop of henre that only just extends into medulla.
Juxtamedullary- next to medulla, they have very long loops that extend long into medulla- reabsorb water and conc urine.
15% are jux nephrons.
What are the two parts of the nephron and what do they consist of?
Renal corpuscle- glomerulus and the bowman capsule.
Renal tubercle- proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts.
What forms the filtration barrier?
Glomerular epithelium, basement membrane and pedicles.
What does a decrease in glomerular filtration rate result in?
Inefficient removal of waste products- they accumulate in the blood.
How can you check kidney function?
By checking serum creatinine levels- high levels means its not been reabsorbed.
What does the renal corpuscle do?
Filtration.
What does the proximal and distal convoluted tubules do?
Reabsorption and secretion.
What does the collecting duct do?
Urine collection.
What process is Na reabsorbed?
Primary active transport.
What process are nutrients reabsorbed?
Secondary transport.
What are the two parts of the loop of Henle and what do they do?
- Thin ascending part- freely permeable to water.
2. Thick descending part- impermeable to water and actively pumps sodium, chlorine and potassium into interstitium.
How does the kidney facilitate water reabsorption from the upper limb?
The interstitium becomes salty due the active transport of sodium into it. This generates an osmotic gradient to facilitate water reabsorption.
What does ADH do?
Increases water reabsorption by encouraging insertion of aquaporin channels.
