kidney failure

Question 1

What gland releases ADH?

Answer 1

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 2

Define oliguria and anuria

Answer 2

In AKI
oliguria = less than 400/500mL per 24 hrs in adults
Anuria = non passage of urine, defined as a passage of less than 100ml of urine a day

Question 3

Biochemical markers for AKI?

Answer 3

Electrolyte imbalance - hyperkalaemia and met acidosis

Rapidly rising blood urea and creatinine

Question 4

Outline the 3 diagnostic criteria for AKI

Answer 4

Meet one of the criteria:

1. serum creatinine rises by 26mmol/l from baseline value w/in 24 hrs
2. serum creatinine rises 1.5 fold from baseline value w/in a week
3. urine output is <0.5ml/kg/hr for >6 consecutive hrs

Question 5

Give an example of a pre-renal cause of AKI

Answer 5

Bleeding, burns, sepsis (any shock)

cardiac failure

Question 6

What is glomerulonephritis?

Answer 6

large group of diseases associated to glomerular

usually autoimmune

Question 7

Common causes of obstruction or ureter

Answer 7

Lumen - stone
wall - tumour or inflammation
extrinsic - mass

Question 8

Why would you get polyuria in CKD?

Answer 8

Polyuria = increased urine volume

there is a concentration failure, kidney can’t reabsorb water and salts