Kidneys

Question 1

primary organ of the urinary system

Answer 1

kidneys

Question 2

what are the kidneys structures

Answer 2

• where blood is filtered
• location where filtered material can be reabsorbed by blood
• places where waste that is not reabsorbed collects as urine

Question 3

urinary system is composed of

Answer 3

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra that function the excretory process.

Question 4

nephrons

Answer 4

structural and functional units of the kidney

Question 5

kidney divided into 2 major regions

Answer 5

the renal cortex which surrounds an area called the renal medulla

Question 6

where is the glomerulus

Answer 6

within the cortex of the nephron

Question 7

renal cortex

Answer 7

the outer layer of the kidney

Question 8

renal medulla

Answer 8

the inner most part of the kidney

Question 9

glomerulus

Answer 9

a network of capillaries from which blood pressure pushes water, salt, glucose, amino acids, and urea from the blood

Question 10

filtrate

Answer 10

contain materials including water, that leave the blood through the walls of the glomerular capillaries to enter the Bowmans capsule

Question 11

proximal tubule

Answer 11

where glucose and other useful solutes are reabsorbed back into the blood through the walls of surrounding capillaries.

Question 12

loop of Henle

Answer 12

also site of reabsorption

Question 13

distal tubule

Answer 13

site of reabsorption

Question 14

tubular reabsorption

Answer 14

movement of useful material from filtrate back into the blood stream

Question 15

renal pelvis

Answer 15

the center of the kidney where urine collects before moving to the ureter

Question 16

primary function of the kidney

Answer 16

• to filter metabolic waste from blood
• regulate electrolyte and fluid balance in the blood
• affects blood volume from fluid balance influence. Resulting in changes in blood flow rate and blood pressure.

Question 17

osmosis

Answer 17

movement of water

Question 18

renal artery

Answer 18

artery going into liver

Question 19

renal vein

Answer 19

blood exits liver through renal vein

Question 20

blood pressure in glomerulus

Answer 20

generally held constant regardless of systemic blood pressure.

Question 21

what byproducts must be kept a low levels in blood

Answer 21

urea, uric acid, and creatinine

Question 22

what is water lost in urine influenced by

Answer 22

amount of sodium chloride (NaCl) in the blood. Sodium ions lead chlorine atoms

Question 23

what is water reabsorption dependent on

Answer 23

osmotic pressure

Question 24

dehydration causes

Answer 24

reduced blood volume, lowering blood pressure as a result

Question 25

renin

Answer 25

an enzyme released by the kidneys when reduced blood pressure is detected by baroreceptors in aorta or carotid arteries

Question 26

aldosterone

Answer 26

a hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that increases reabsorption of sodium ions which leads to the reabsorption of chlorine ions and water into blood mainly in the distal tubule. Increases blood pressure

Question 27

how is blood pressure detected

Answer 27

by baroreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries

Question 28

renin creates

Answer 28

angiotensin I from angiotensinogen.

Question 29

angiotensin

Answer 29

a protein whose presence in the blood promotes aldosterone secretion, vasoconstriction, and tends to raise blood pressure.

Question 30

angiotensinogen (mRNA)

Answer 30

synthesized in liver and is split by renin to produce angiotensin I (inactive).

Question 31

Angiotensin II

Answer 31

a secretion that acts to restore blood volume and blood pressure by contracting blood vessels, stimulating thirst, and stimulating production of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormones. Ultimately causes an increase in blood pressure. Made in blood by circulating proteins

Question 32

antidiuretic hormone

Answer 32

secreted by the pituitary gland that increases the amount of water able to be reabsorbed back into the blood from a collecting duct. Increases blood pressure

Question 33

blood pressure increases by

Answer 33

increasing blood volume

Question 34

what happens if blood pressure drops

Answer 34

kidneys release renin which stimulates the production of angiotensin II ( which also triggers release of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Aldosterone) which results in a raise in blood pressure directly causing vasoconstriction.