kidneys

Question 1

what does ADH stand for

Answer 1

anti-diuretic hormone

Question 2

what detects changes in the blood (eg water levels)?

Answer 2

hypothalamus

Question 3

what are the main jobs of the kidneys?

Answer 3

• maintaining water levels
• maintaining salt levels
• excretion eg removal of urea

Question 4

Excretion is the removal…

Answer 4

Of toxic waste products that can become in excess in the body eg CO2, urea, etc

Question 5

Each kidney contains thousands of

Answer 5

Nepthrons

Question 6

Nephrons have three stages of excretion

Answer 6

• ultrafiltration
• reabsorption
• release of wastes

Question 7

Ultrafiltration happens in

Answer 7

• the glomerulus into the bowman’s capsule

Question 8

Why do larger molecules NOT travel to the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 8

• they are too large to pass through the membranes

Question 9

Glucose is selectively reabsorbed when?
What is it used for?

Answer 9

• in the proximal convoluted tubule
• it is needed for respiration

Question 10

What substances are filtered out during ultrafiltration?

Answer 10

• water
• ions
• urea
• glucose
• amino acids
• salts

Question 11

List the main features of the nephrons in order of structure:

Answer 11

• glomerulus
• bowman’s capsule (hugs it)
• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of Henle
• distal convoluted tubule
• collecting duct

Question 12

Water is reabsorbed by…

Answer 12

• in the collecting duct
• via osmosis

Question 13

What is the word meaning maintaining the correct levels of water

Answer 13

Osmoregulation

Question 14

What does ADH do?

Answer 14

It makes the collecting ducts of the nephrons more PERMEABLE so that more water is reabsorbed
Results —> urine is less concentrated and has a smaller volume

Question 15

describe the process of osmoregulation?

Answer 15

• negative feedback loop
• brain measures water levels
• pituitary gland releases ADH based off what it measures

Question 16

Name three ways your body loses water

Answer 16

• urinating
• swearing
• breathing

Question 17

Waste then travels from the nephron to the ureter and then to the

Answer 17

Bladder then released via the urethra