KIN 240 FINAL

Question 1

vo2max=

Answer 1

o2 plateaus; at least 2 other criteria reached

Question 2

v02peak=

Answer 2

o2 does not plateau; but other criteria reached

Question 3

will youth peak or plateau

Answer 3

v02 peak

Question 4

peak or plateau older adults

Answer 4

peak

Question 5

peak or plateau sedentary individuals

Answer 5

peak

Question 6

peak or plateau athlete

Answer 6

plateau

Question 7

peak or plateau individuals with know disease

Answer 7

peak

Question 8

genera test termination criteria for all v02 max protocals

Answer 8

Moderate to severe angina
- Excessive (>10mmHg) ↑ in BP (especially systolic)
- Shortness of breath, wheezing, leg cramps
- Signs of poor perfusion (light-headed, confusion, nausea, cold/clammy skin)
- Failure of HR to ↑ with exercise
- Noticeable change in heart rhythm
- Physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue
- Equipment failure
- Subject asks to stop

Question 9

Oxygen consumption (VO2)

Answer 9

The volume of O 2 used by the body under given conditions

• Can be measured at rest, during submax exercise, or during max exercise

Question 10

v02 mac

Answer 10

When VO2 is measured during max exercise

-Max volume of O 2 one can consume during exhausting exercise or
max rate of O 2 utilization of muscles during exercise

• Aka….Maximum aerobic power (MAP)
• Considered the BEST index of aerobic fitness

Question 11

absolute v02

Answer 11

TOTAL volume of o2 taken into the body

Question 12

relative vo2

Answer 12

volume of o2 taken into the body RELATIVE TO BODY WEIGHT

Question 13

static flexibility

Answer 13

measure of the total ROM at a joint

Question 14

dynamic flexibility

Answer 14

measure of the resistance developed during stretching throughout ROM

Question 15

unlike static

Answer 15

dynamic flexibility requires active force production
(your own muscles contracting).

• Because it is difficult to quantify “stiffness”, dynamic is
  measured more subjectively

Question 16

Individuals with good flex have:

Answer 16

• Greater ease of movement
• Less stiffness of muscles
• Enhancement of skill
• Less chance of injury
• Important in athletic performance
• Important in ability to carry out ADL’s

Question 17

is too much flexibility a problem

Answer 17

YES
- May result in hypermobility
- increased ROM of joints beyond normal, acceptable
values

Question 18

hypermobility leads to…

Answer 18

joint laxity
- increase risk of MSK injuries
- Shoulder dislocations occur because
of joint lax & hypermobility
(gymnasts & swimmers)
- very difficult to have too much flex

Question 19

Decreased ROM is a deficit under the following conditions

Answer 19

decreased ROM alters the normal mechanics of a movement

• joint ROM is not within normal limits for a sport or task
• decreased ROM is the result of an injury & the ROM is not restored to
  preinjury levels
• decreased ROM creates asymmetry bilaterally
• Correct deficits with stretching (static/PNF)

Question 20

muscle spindles

Answer 20

Sensitive to the rate of change in muscle length
* Spindle activity is directly proportional to speed of movement
* Rapid stretch will cause a CONTRACTION
* Example: patellar reflex

Question 21

golgi tendon organ

Answer 21

Inverse stretch reflex

• Lies within a tendon near its attachment to the muscle
• Detects tension applied to the tendon as a result of muscle
  contraction

-Increase tension/contraction (detect
by GTOs) will cause RELAXATION

• Example: Dropping a heavy deadli

Question 22

DIRECT Assessments of flexibility

Answer 22

• Goniometer
• Inclinometer
• Leighton flexometer

Question 23

INDIRECT Assessments of flexibility

Answer 23

-Sit n reach
- Sit n reach variants

Question 24

pros and cons to goniometer

Answer 24

• Cheap (~$40)
• Direct measure
• Difficult to find bony landmarks
• Upper-extremity joints are generally more reliable than ROM of lower
  extremity
• Cannot be used with spine…instead use inclinometer

Question 25

inclinometer pros/cons

Answer 25

- Easier to use than the flexometer & goniometer - Held by hand on moving body segment during measurement - Does not have to be aligned with specific bony landmarks - Pricey (~$450

Question 26

leighton flexometer pros/cons

Answer 26

- Quantifies ROM in degrees - Protocols are standardized - Does not require locating very specific joint axis of rotation or bone segments - There are ~24 standardized joint action protocols - Normative data available - Valid & reliable

Question 27

indirect

Answer 27

movement of joint is not measured in degrees; measured in inches or centimeters - Does not provide an accurate measure of actual joint range of motion but is very practical - Can be very reliable as tests are easy to standardize but validity is questionable

Question 28

muscular strength

Answer 28

Ability of a muscle or muscle group to develop maximal contractile force against a resistance in a single contraction with proper technique

Question 29

absolute strength

Answer 29

total amount of weight lifted without adjustment for the participant’s body mass; for example 1RM weight

Question 30

relative strength

Answer 30

total amount of weight lifted with some type of adjustment for the participant’s body mass; ex: Divide the strength test outcome by body mass to give a strength:mass

Question 31

muscular endurance

Answer 31

The ability of the muscle to apply a submaximal force for extended periods - Can be via repeated contractions (dynamic) against a load for an extended period or a sustained muscular contraction (isometric)

Question 32

Submaximal repeated contractions (Dynamic)

Answer 32

- 1) Absolute submax load (%1RM) - 2) Relative submax repetitions (pushups, CSEP-CPT, curl-ups)

Question 33

Sustained Muscular Contraction (isometric)

Answer 33

1) Timed contractions to failure (back extension, plank CSEP-CPT, Wall sit)