Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur
An ENDothermic reaction
A reaction that takes energy from the surroundings,making the temp of surroundings decrease
An ENDothermic reaction (in terms of bonds)
The energy required to break existing bonds>energy released from making new bonds
An EXothermic reaction
A reaction that transfers energy to the surrounding ,making the temperature of surroundings increase
An EXothermic reaction(in terms of bonds)
The energy released from forming new bonds >than the energy required to break existing bonds
collision theory
Reaction can only take place between particles having the sufficient/activation energy
what is a catalyst
A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up
How does a catalyst work?
By providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy
What are the two types of catalysts
Heterogenous catalyst-the catalyst is a different state to the reaction it is added to.
Homogenous catayst-the catalyst is the same state to the reaction it is added to.
What are the conditions that are neccassaary for a reaction to occur?
-Particles must have the correct oreintation
-Collisions must occur
-Particles must have sufficent/activation energy
what are factors that affect the rate of reaction?
-Temperature
-Surface Area
-Catalyst
-Concentration
-Pressure
What is the rate of reaction?
The measure of the amount of product formed/Time
OR
The amount of reactants used/Time
How does increasing temp affect the rate of reaction
-Particles have more kinetic energy so will move faster
-collide more often as a result =More frequent successful collisions
-A larger proportion of particles will have at least the activation energy
Describe how the temp change would be represented on a boltz-mann distributor
lower peak
more to the right
a significantly higher activation energy
How does increasing surface area increase the rate of reaction.
More particles are exposed to the other reactants
so more space for the atoms to interact =more frequent successful collisions.
Describe how the SA change would be represented on a boltz-mann distributor
it doesnt
How does increasing the conc affect the rate of reaction
-Particles get closer together =so collide more often
-this leads to a higher rate of successful collisions
How does the conc increase display on the boltz-mann distibution
It can’t
But it can be represented with a volume-time graph
How does increasing the pressure affect the rate of reaction
Particles get closer together =so collide more often
-This leads to a higher rate of successful collisions
How does the pressure increase display on the boltz-mann distibution
It can’t
but it can be represented with a cvolume/time graph .
How does adding a catayst increase the rate of reaction
It speeds up the rate of reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway that has a lower activation energy
How does adding a catalyst change the representation on the boltzmann distibution
The position of the activation energy shifts to the left
Why does the curve start at the origin
There are no molecules with no energy
How do you find the rate from a curve
Draw a tangent ( change in y /change in x)
