Knee

Question 1

Joint articulation and bones

Answer 1

• Modified synovial hinge joint
  Consists of:
  ○ Patellofemoral
  ○ Tibio-femoral and menisci (*2)

Question 2

Bones & functions

Answer 2

Femur, Patella and Tibia
* Function: Stability and Mobility

Question 3

Capsule

Answer 3

• Posteriorly above intercondylar notch of tibia.
• Anteriorly - into patella and patella ligaments- Allows the suprapatellar bursa to be continuous with the synovial membrane of the joint capsule.
• Inferiorly - articular surfaces of the tibia and fibula head
• Superiorly- articular surfaces of femoral condyles

Question 4

Infrapatella fat pad

Answer 4

• Within capsule, extrasynovial
• Size and shape varies per person

Question 5

Menisci

Answer 5

• Medial and Lateral
• semilunar cartilages to make the joint more congruent and absorb shock.
• Function: Enlarge contact area and improve congruency, Assists lubrication, Prevents lateral slide
• Stabilise, lubricate joint, aids rotation, protection of hyaline, shock absorber

Question 6

bursa

Answer 6

1. Suprapatella - front of femur and quads tendon
2. Deep infrapatella- patella tendon infront of tibia
3. Prepatella - between patella and skin
4. Anserine Bursa - seperates the Pes Anserinus (Sartorius, Gracillis, Semitendinous) from the medial surface of tibia + MCL
5. Superior infrapatella bursa - between patella tendon and skin

Question 7

ACL PCL

Answer 7

PCL - PUFM (posterior= Up, forward and medially)
ACL - AUBL (Anterior= up, back and laterally)

Question 8

Physiological movement

Answer 8

Flexion - soft end feel
Extension- hard end feel
internal/external rotation in knee flexion

Question 9

flexion muscles

Answer 9

1. semimem
2. semiten
3. bicep fem
4. gastroc

Question 10

extension muscles

Answer 10

1. rect fem
2. vastus med
3. vastus lat
4. vastus intermed

Question 11

Medial rotation muscle

Answer 11

1. semiten
2. semimem
3. gracilis
4. sartorius
5. popliteus

Question 12

lateral rotation muscles

Answer 12

Biceps fem

Question 13

extracapsular ligaments

Answer 13

MCL LCL

Question 14

Intracpsular ligaments

Answer 14

ACL, PCL

Question 15

Tibiofemoral joint

Answer 15

• modified synovial hinge
• Hyaline cartilage covers the distal end of the femur & the superior epiphysis

Question 16

patellofemoral joint

Answer 16

• modified synovial hinge
• hyaline cartilage over posterior patella + femur
• movements- gliding

Question 17

movement degrees

Answer 17

F- 140°
E- -5-0°

when knee flexed between 30-90°
LR- 30-40°
IR- 10°