Knee

Question 1

Medial Collateral Ligament Pathology

Answer 1

1. Trauma by external force to leg
2. Rotational trauma
3. Pain with valgus stress test at 30° (PVLS30)
4. Laxity with valgus stress test at 30° (LVLS30)

Question 2

Meniscal Pathology

Answer 2

1. History of catching or locking reported by the patient
2. Joint line tenderness
3. Pain with forced hyperextension (modified bounce home test)
4. Pain with maximal passive knee flexion
5. Pain or audible click with McMurray maneuver

Question 3

Ottawa Knee Rules

Answer 3

1. Age > 55
2. Tenderness at the head of the fibula
3. Isolated tenderness of the patella during palpation
4. Inability to flex the knee to 90 degrees
5. Inability to bear weight immediately and upon ER evaluation

Question 4

Pittsburgh Knee Rules

Answer 4

Blunt trauma or a fall as mechanism of injury PLUS either of the following:

1. Age older than 50 years or Younger than 12 years
2. Inability to walk 4 weight-bearing steps in the emergency department

Question 5

Hip Mobilization for Knee Osteoarthritis

Answer 5

1. Hip or groin pain or paresthesia
2. Anterior thigh pain
3. Passive knee flexion less than 122 degrees
4. Passive hip medial (internal) rotation less than 17 degrees
5. Pain with hip distraction

Question 6

Manipulation for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Answer 6

1. Difference in hip IR > 14 degrees
2. Ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed > 16 degrees
3. Navicular drop > 3mm
4. No stiffness with sitting 20 min
5. Squatting is most painful activity

Question 7

Orthotics for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Answer 7

1. Age over 25 years
2. Height less than 165 cm
3. Worst pain less than 53.25 mm (100 mm visual analogue scale)
4. Mid-foot width difference greater than 10.96 m

Question 8

Patellar Taping for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Answer 8

1. Tibial angulation > 5 degrees

2. Positive patellar tilt test