Knowledge 6-8 Marks

Question 1

Explain features and processes at conservative plate boundaries

Question 2

Explain features and processes at convergent plate boundaries

Question 3

Explain feature and processes at divergent plate boundaries

Question 4

explain the formation of headlands and bays

Answer 4

formed on discordant coastline
weaker lithology rock is eroded much more easily forming a bay and the stronger lithology rock still sticking out is a headland

Question 5

give me an example of a headland and bay

Answer 5

flamborough head and filey bay

Question 6

explain the formation of cliffs and shore platforms

Answer 6

hydralic action undercuts a cliff along a concordant coastline between high and low tides. weakening strata eventually causing mass movement due to gravity and leads to cliff retreat over long period of time with a platform exposed at low tide.

Question 7

give me an example of a shore platform

Answer 7

robin hood bay

Question 8

explain formation of geos

Answer 8

long inlet into a cliff. caused by lines of weakness on a concordant coastline edroded via hydralic action but also can be caused when tunnel like caves have a roof collaspe

Question 9

name an example of a geo

Answer 9

huntsman leap in pembrokeshire which is 35m deep and has a geology of limestone

Question 10

explain formation of blowholes

Answer 10

similar to geos blowholes are caused from the collapse of a cave roof, either eroded from hydraulic action due to a fault in structure creating a large hole in the cliff side which during storm events or high energy waves cause sprays of water through the top

Question 11

give me an example of a blowhole

Answer 11

trevone blowhole in cornwall which is 25m deep

Question 12

explain the formation of a cave,arch,stack and stump

Answer 12

discordant as hydraulic action erodes rock of a headland starting from a fault in the structure forming a cave. this continues until its eroded through a headland forming an arch such as durdle door the top of the arch is then weathered and eventually collapses creating a stack then further erosion and weathering causes the top of the stack to collapse creating a stump.

Question 13

give me an example of a cave, stack, stump and arch

Answer 13

old harrys rocks and durdle door

Question 14

explain the formation of a beach

Answer 14

• desposition of sediment mainly from rivers (90%) by constructive waves
• shingle beaches depositied due to large swash than backwash creating steeper beaches which high percolation
• sand creates gentle sloping beaches due to small particles and dominant waves pulling sediment back with their stronger backwash and little friction

Question 15

give me an example of a beach

Answer 15

cornwall and dorset such as chesil beach

Question 16

explain the formation of spits

Answer 16

longshore drift follows the direction of the dominant prevailing wind transporting sediment outwards to sea creating a pennisula of sediment depositied once the cosltine changes direction which causes a loss of energy which is why sediment is deposited
is fast during storm events due to more powerful gusts so smore sediment transported along the coastline

Question 17

give me an example of a spit

Answer 17

sandbanks

Question 18

explain the formation of an onshore bar

Answer 18

when a spit continues to grow across an indentation such as a cove or bay until it reaches the land on the other end forming a lagoon behind it

Question 19

give me an example of a onshore bar

Answer 19

slapton sands in devon which is 100m wide and made of shingle

Question 20

explain the formation of a tombolo

Answer 20

when spits continue and join with an island connecting it to the mainland. typically causes by onshore movement as well as continued deposition until it reaches land

Question 21

give an example of a tombolo

Answer 21

chesil beach in dorset which is 30km long

Question 22

explain the formation of a salt marsh

Answer 22

its a feature of a spit caused by low energy environments which are vegetated by salt tolerant species which are exposed and flooded daily by the tides. plants help with keeping sediment trapped. the higher the marsh the lower the saline content and the shorter the period of submergence deposition is usually 10cm per year

Question 23

give an example of a salt marsh

Answer 23

flookbrugh in cumbria