Knowledge Buster 2

Question 1

How long must children be kept off school after starting PenV for Tonsillitis

Answer 1

24 Hrs

Question 2

What glucose level indicates Euglycemic DKA

Answer 2

<13.9 mmol/L

Question 3

What biomarker determines the severity of C.Diff

Answer 3

WCC

Question 4

How to Calculate Osmolarity

Answer 4

Formula (mmol/L): 2 x Na + Glucose + Urea

Question 5

What condition contraindicates Celecoxib Specifically?

Answer 5

HTN

Question 6

Which biomarker is the hallmark of Tumor-Lysis Syndrome

Answer 6

Uric Acid

Question 7

Gram Stain: Gram Positive Cocci in Clusters

Answer 7

Staphylococci

Question 8

Gram Stain: Gram Positive Cocci in Chains

Answer 8

Streptococci

Question 9

Gram Stain: Gram Positive Rods

Answer 9

Bacilli/Clostridium

Question 10

Gram Stain: Gram Negative Diplococci

Answer 10

Neisseria

Question 11

Gram Stain: Gram Negative Rods

Answer 11

E.Coli, Pseudomonas, Hemophilus influenzae

Question 12

Which Bacteria is closely associated with Acne Vulgaris?

Answer 12

Cutibacterium Acnes

Question 13

What action should be taken for adults w/ Unilateral Glue Ear

Answer 13

2WW Referral to ENT (Risk of Posterior Nasal Space Tumor)

Question 14

Horners Syndrome

Answer 14

Miosis, Ptosis, Anhidrosis +/- Enopthalmos

Question 15

Management of Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 15

Tetrabenazine

Question 16

Hypochondriasis Vs Somatisation Disorder

Answer 16

Hypochondriacs tend to be preoccupied with having a specific condition.

Question 17

How to induce labour (Based on Bishop Score)

Answer 17

Bishop Score (5 & Below) - Vaginal Prostaglandins then Cervical Ripening Balloon.
Bishop Score > 5 - Amniotomy & IV Oxytocin

Question 18

Where in the Fallopian Tubes are Ectopic Pregnancies most common and where are they most likely to rupture?

Answer 18

Most Common - Ampulla
Most Likely to Rupture - Isthmus

Question 19

What is the most dangerous type of Breech Presentation?

Answer 19

Footling - Highest risk of cord prolapse.

Question 20

Should steroids be given for meningitis in children < 3months old?

Answer 20

NO

Question 21

Breast Screening: Who, When, What?

Answer 21

Women aged 50-71 every 3 years - Mammogram

Question 22

Virchow’s Triad

Answer 22

Hypercoagulability, Vascular Stasis, Endothelial Damage - Causes of VTE

Question 23

Management of Opioid Induced Constipation?

Answer 23

Stimulant + Osmotic Laxative

Question 24

Gleason Score - Prostate Cancer

Answer 24

A system used to determine the aggressiveness of prostate cancer, ranging from 6 to 10 (or Grade Group 1-5). It is calculated by adding the two most common cell patterns found in a biopsy, with higher scores indicating faster-growing cancers that are more likely to spread.

Question 25

What class of Medication does Allopurinol belong to?

Answer 25

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor

Question 26

What class of medications can worsen Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 26

Beta Blockers

Question 27

Antibody Specific for Drug Induced Lupus

Answer 27

Anti-histone antibody

Question 28

Normal ECG Timings

Answer 28

P - Wave <0.12 s PR Interval - 0.12 - 0.2 s QRS - <0.12 S QT Interval - 0.35 – 0.44 seconds Small Square 0.04 s

Question 29

Where are Inguinal Hernias Located?

Answer 29

Superomedial to pubic tubercle

Question 30

What is the difference between Direct and Indirect Inguinal Hernias?

Answer 30

Indirect - Pass through deep inguinal ring, the inguinal canal and then enter the scrotum - These occur due to a congenital patent processus vaginalis (Children) Direct - Pass through posterior wall of the inguinal canal due to acquired weakness (Older Men).

Question 31

Where are Femoral Hernias located?

Answer 31

Inferolateral to the Pubic tubercle (More common in females - High risk of strangulation)

Question 32

Causes of Umbilical Hernias?

Answer 32

Infantile Adult - Increased abdominal pressure (Female, Fat, Fetus (Pregnancy)

Question 33

Types of Hiatus Hernia?

Answer 33

Sliding - GOJ Moves up Rolling - Fundal Herniation (Increased risk of strangulation).

Question 34

Complications of Hernias

Answer 34

Irreducible (Incarcerated) - Cannot be pushed back in Strangulated - Painful and erythematous Bowel Obstruction.

Question 35

DKA Criteria

Answer 35

Hyperglycaemia (Glucose > 11 mmol/L) Blood Ketones (> 3 mmol/L) Acidosis (Bicarb <15)

Question 36

How to Calculate anion gap?

Answer 36

(Na + K) - (HCO3 + Cl)

Question 37

Management of DKA?

Answer 37

Fluids - BOLUS if shocked then 1L 0.9% NaCl over 1 hour then over 2 then over 4. Insulin - 0.1 Units/Kg/Hr Fixed-rate Potassium - If less than 5.5 Glucose - Start 10% Glucose when <14 mmol/L

Question 38

What is the best inducing agent for Trauma anaesthesia?

Answer 38

Ketamine - It maintains relatively stable Hemodynamics.

Question 39

Causes of Mediastinal Widening?

Answer 39

Aortic Dissection, Aortic Aneurysm, Lymphoma, Lymphadenopathy, Thymoma, Retrosternal Goitre.

Question 40

Sensitivity Vs Specificity

Answer 40

Sensitivity (true positive rate) measures a test's ability to correctly identify those with a disease, minimizing false negatives. Specificity (true negative rate) measures its ability to correctly identify those without the disease, minimizing false positives.

Question 41

What is the treatment for Local Anaesthetic Toxicity?

Answer 41

Lipid Emulsion

Question 42

What is the T-Score and Z-Score?

Answer 42

T-Score - BMD compared to a healthy 30-year old. Z-Score - BMD compared to someone your age and body size. It is adjusted for age, gender and ethnic factors.