PGY-2 > Knowledge Plus Pearls > Flashcards

Knowledge Plus Pearls Flashcards

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1
Q

Statins and LFT elevation

A

up to 3XN- continue

Stop if 5x or symptoms

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2
Q

Bell’s Palsy from PERIPHERAL lesion

A

upper AND lower face

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3
Q

Secondary Prevention of Stroke

A
  • statin

- evidence for Plavix is weak

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4
Q

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia

A

obesity or insulin resistance

low HDL, high TGs

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5
Q

Glycemic Control in Criticially Ill ICU Patients

A

IV insulin preferred

goal 140-180

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6
Q

Inconclusive ABI testing next steps

A

borderline: after exercise

>1.4: toe-brachial index

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7
Q

Treatment of stable angina

A

ASA and one of the following:
BB
CCB
long acting nitrate

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8
Q

Organisms associated with post influenza bacterial pneumonia

A

strep pneumo

staph aureus

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9
Q

Ectopic Hormones associated with small cell lung cancer

A

ACTH (Cushings)

ADH (SIADH)

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10
Q

Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Treatment

A 
Hydration
IV bisphosphonate (pamidronate)
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11
Q

Leser-Trelat Sign

A

diffuse seborrheic keratoses

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12
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans in adults

A

association with gastric cancer

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13
Q

Left sided varicoceles

A

can be renal cell carcinoma

due to left testicular vein draining into left renal vein

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14
Q

Warning signs for varicoceles

A

does not diminish in size when supine

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15
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis can be associated with..

A

vertebrobasilar strokes/symptoms

polymyalgia rheumatic symptoms

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16
Q

Medications that cause gout/hyperuricemia

A

loops/thiazides
niacin
aspirin

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17
Q

RA- other features besides arthritis

A

flexor tendonpathy

bilateral carpel tunnel

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18
Q

Eczema distributions

A

extensor in children

flexor in all age groups

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19
Q

Acute MI + decompensated HF, avoid…

A

BB, CCB

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20
Q

Clue Cells

A

BV

Bacteria on epithelial cells

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21
Q

Fracture risk requiring bisphosphante therapy

A

10 year risk of 20% or more

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22
Q

Calcium supplementation

A

1200mg / day - dietary +/- supplementation

Excessive associated with kidney stones and CV events

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23
Q

Vitamin D Supplementation Recommendations

A

600IU

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24
Q

Synthroid- do not take with

A

calcium, iron

impairs ingestion

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25
Secondary HyperPTH
low/normalCa | Elevated PTH
26
Hematological AE of Vancomycin
thrombocytopenia 2/2 vanc dependent platelet-reactive antibodies
27
Chronic Cause of Mild Leukocytosis
cigarette smoking
28
Proteus- specific properties
makes urine more alkaline and prone to nephrolithiasis
29
Treatment of ITP in adults
corticosteroids first line
30
Trousseau Syndrome
chronic DIC in cancer patients | superficial venous thrombophlebitis
31
Upper lobe emphysema in young adult, minimal tobacco use
idiopathic giant bullae emphysema
32
Smoking Cessation Therapy
Dual therapy (gum+patch) Bupropion Varenicline
33
How to treat transfusion associated circulatory overload
administer blood slowly
34
Symptoms of massive PE
systolic BP <90 | poor tissue perfusion
35
Gastroenteritis timeline
w/in 24 hours- S aureus, Bacillus | 24-48 hours- norovirus
36
Duration/Perferred anticoagulation in cancer patients w/ acute PE or DVT
indefinitely | LMWH > warfarin
37
Watery Diarrhea in elderly individuals, think
microscopic colitis | associations w/ ASA, PPI, ranitidine, SSri use, statins
38
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
frequently acquired- alcohol, hep C blistering skin lesions elevated LFTs
39
Treatment of Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
phlebotomy
40
antiphospholipid syndrome - pulmonary complications
chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease --> pulmonary HTN
41
Pulmonary Artery Hypertension- Exam/Labs
reduced diffusion capacity | prominent second heart sounds
42
Double Pseudomonal Coverage for PNA
pts with structural lung disease (like bronchiectasis, CF)
43
hypotension in intubated COPD pt
Autopeep inadequate expiratory time --> hyperinflation --> increases intrinsic peep Disconnect pt from ventilator
44
Cause of Tracheomalacia in adults
prolonged intubation
45
What to consider as cause of unexplained hyperlipidemia
hypothyroidism
46
Treatment of hirsuitism in PCOS
spirolactone
47
bisphosphonates
alendronate - oral | zoledronic acid - IV
48
Female Athlete Triad and Management
low energy (low BMI) amenorrhea BMD abnormalities ----> order DEXA
49
How to Diagnosis PSC (testing)
MRCP (may not be able to diagnose from U/S and safer than ERCP initially)
50
Population for HCC screening
``` pts w/ cirrhosis Male HBV Carriers of Asian descent >40y Female HBV > 50 y HBV carrier w/ family hx of HCC North American Blacks/African w/ HBV infection ```
51
HCC screening
twice yearly abdominal U/S
52
Why do we not use ACEI + ARB
more likely to reduce proteinuria BUT worse clinical outcomes
53
Oral Iron in CKD
transferrin sat less than 30% or ferritin less than 500
54
Surgical Intervention for thoracic aortic aneurysms
greater than 5.5 cm OR more than 0.5cm in one year
55
Duration of dual platelet therapy after stent
do not d/c for at least 1 mo after bare | 6 months after drug eluting
56
Malignant HTN- optic/optho exam
optic disc swelling
57
Cr elevation after ACEI or ARB
renovascular HTN
58
How to Prevent Contrast Injury in CKD patients
infusion of NS continuing several hours after | lower osmotic contrast agents
59
AIN triad
fever, rash, eosinophilia
60
Number for post-residual void that is abnormal
more than 100 mL
61
PIGN and complement
low C3 | low-normal C4
62
BPH treatment- first line
alpha blockers --> tamulosin | reduce smooth muscle
63
Proteinuria defined as
more than 150mg/day a
64
analgesic nephropathy classic CT findings
papillary calcifications
65
Nephrotic range proteinuria
more than 3.5g protein
66
Test for Mastocytosis
elevated tryptase level
67
Mastocytosis clinical features
urticarial pigmentosa, darier's sign | anaphylaxis
68
Budd-Chiari, what it is and most common cause
hepatic venous outflow obstruction | often due to myeloproliferative neoplasms with polycythemia vera being most common
69
DVT prophylaxis for ortho surgeries
during hospitalizations and 6 weeks after when immobile
70
Benign Ethnic Neutropenia
neutropenia w/o symptoms due to Duffy antigen receptor gene protection against malaria
71
Cause of subacute meningoencephalitis with raised ICP
cryptococcous | immunosuppressed- steroids, DM, HIV
72
Antibiotic coverage for S pneumonia meningitis
Vanc due to ceftriaxone resistant strains | Steroids improve course
73
Candiduria treatment if asymptomatic
replace f/c | repeat UA
74
Symptomatic Candicuria w/ catheter placement or immunosuppression
renal US or abd CT
PGY-2
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