1538 - NCC - Dementia > L1 - Intro & Language > Flashcards

L1 - Intro & Language Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

Age related hearing loss

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2
Q

What is important to consider throughout the course?

A

Normal aging - hearing loss, working memory decline, communicaiton difficulties.

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3
Q

What are some things people gain as they get older? (5)

A
  • Vocabulary expands throughout life (although retrieval is slower)
  • Better use of context
  • Better integration of information
  • Increased use of abstract words
  • Acquired ‘wisdom’
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4
Q

What are some things that occur to language due to aging? (5)

A
  • More dysfluency or hesitancy (uhm… eh…)
  • More fillers (you know… well…)
  • Tip-of-tongue incidients
  • Increased use of indefinite words (this, that, thing, there)
  • Less-complex grammar, short sentences
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5
Q

In typical aging, what is the impact of language changes and what does this have on competency?

A

The overall differences are small and there is no loss of competency in relaying information.

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6
Q

What are other age-related changes that may affect communication? (6)

A
  • Hearing loss
  • Vision loss
  • Reduced accuracy of articulation
  • Decreased speed of mental processes
  • Decreased ability to multitask
  • Changes in memory
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7
Q

Procedural memory is well preserved in the ______________ stages of dementia.

A

Early and middle

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8
Q

In dementia patients, semantic memory is preserved until _____________________________.

A

the end where you are not cognitively healthy

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9
Q

Does language and cognition (e.g., memory) changes indicate decline?

A

No, it does not

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10
Q

Define Subjective Cognitive Complaint:

A
  • Report of cognitive complaint (self)
  • No cognitive impairments on objective testing
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11
Q

What is a Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?

A
  • Greater than age-expected cognitive decline, but not significant enough to result in marked loss of functional independence.
  • Report of a cognitive complaint (self or informant)
  • Objective cognitive impairment (on testing)
  • No dementia
  • Generally intact functional abilities (banking, driving, cooking)
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12
Q

Are MCI known for impacting funtional abilities?

A

No - generally intact functional abilities
(banking, driving, cooking)

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13
Q

What are the main types of MCI?

A

A. Memory Impairments
1. Amnestic Single-Domain
2. Amnestic Multiple-Domains

B. No memory impairments
1. Non-amnestic Single-Domain
2. Non-amnestic Multiple Domain

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14
Q

What is impaired in Amnestic Single-Domain?

A

Only memory is impacted

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15
Q

What is impaired in Amnestic Multiple-Domain?

A
  • Memory and at least one other cognitive domain
  • May be language, memory, visual spastial, EF
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16
Q

What is an example of Non-amnestic Single Domain?

A

Language

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17
Q

What is an example of Non-amnestic multiple domain?

A

E.g. Attention, language, visual spatial

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18
Q

What is a main take away of Jokel et al. 2019?

A

Sometimes those with MCI do as well as those with normal cognitive abilities. Other times they do worse.

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19
Q

FIND OUT IF WE NEED TO MEMORIZE THE “COMPARISON OF LANGUAGE ABILITIES” SLIDE

A

!

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20
Q

What kind of term is Dementia?

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A

An umbrella term used to describe a range of symptoms associated with cognitive impairments.

21
Q

What is the most common type of Dementia?

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A

Alzheimer’s

22
Q

List some of the main types of dementias:

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A
  • Alzheimers
  • Vascular
  • Lewy Bodies
  • Frontotemporal
  • Primary Progressive Aphasia
  • Corticobasal Syndrome
23
Q

Define Dementia. What is affected?

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A
  • Dementia is a loss of mental functions.
  • It is an acquired persistent impairment in multiple areas of intellectual function
  • Deficits beyond Mild Cognitive Impairment, i.e., functional independence is affected
24
Q

Dementia entails cognitive and/or behavioural symptoms that:

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A
  • Interfere with the ability to function at work or at usual activities
  • Represent a decline from previous levels of funtioning and performing
  • Are not explained by delirium or major psychiatric disorder
25
How is dementia diagnoised:
- History-taking from the patient and an informant - An objective cognitive assessment
26
What functions may dementia affect?
- Memory - Executive Functions - Visuo-spatial function - Language - Personality/behaviour
27
If memory is impacted in Dementia, what might this look like?
Asking the same questions, misplacing personal belongings, forgetting events or appointments, getting los ton a familiar route.
28
If Executive Functions is impacted in dementia, what might this look like?
Errors in resoning and judgement: Poor understanding of safety risk, inability to manage finances, poor decision-making ability, inability to plan complex or sequential activities.
29
If Visuo-spatial function is impacted in dementia, what might this look like?
Inability to recognize faces or common objects, inability to operate simple implements, or orient clothing to the body.
30
If Langauge is impacted in dementia, what might this look like?
Difficulty retrieving words, hesitations, spelling and writing errors.
31
If Personality/behaviour is impacted in dementia, what might this look like?
Withdrawal, inappropriate humour, loss of social graces.
32
What is the most common way for Alzheimers to start?
Memory
33
Is Visuo-spatial function the same as dressing apraxia? When is this the prominent feature?
No - Most prominent feature in posterior cortico atrophy (PCA)
34
Personality/behaviour impact is more common in ___________ than ____________.
Fronto-temporal dementia than Alzheimer's.
35
According to ASHA, what is the SLP Role in Dementia? (9)
- Identification - Assessment - Intervention - Counseling - Collaborating - Case management - Education - Advocacy - Research
36
Define Dementia of Alzheimer's Type. No evidence of? Onset?
- Impairments in at least 2 cognitive domains (memory, behaviour, visuo-spatial, langauge, exec fxns) - No evidence of: (a) Cerebrovascular disease (e.g., stroke) (b) Core features of other dementias (c) Another neurological disease or medication that could have effect on cognition - Insidious onset, gradual progression
37
What are the langauge impairments seen in Alzheimer's Disease?
- Naming difficulties - Paraphasias - Impaired comprehension - Reading and writing disorder
38
Is Alzheimer's Disease more common in men or women? Ratio?
Twice as common in women than in men
39
What is the duration for Alzheimer's Disease:
6-12 years (range 1-20 years)
40
What is the hippocampus responsible for?
- Responsible for memory and new learning - It processes and stores new memories before sending them to long term storage
41
What happens to Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
- They build up into clumps and form
42
What are characteristics associated with Mild AD?
- Rate of speech: slow, hesitant - Word finding: difficult, poor - Cohension: not good, poor - Sentence structure: poor - Systematic way of describing: labels items in the picture as opposed to saying the central theme of the picture
43
What might expressive language of a person with AD look like during a Picture description task?
- Fewer units of information, decreased cohension, poor organization, simple or nonspecific vocabulary, paraphasias, wfp, repeating ideas, missing the central idea
44
What might expressive language of a person with AD look like during naming?
- Semantic and phonemic paraphasias, circumlocutions
45
What might expressive language of a person with AD look like during connected speech?
- Poor cohension, wfp, paraphasias, losing train of thought, unfinished sentences, reduced rate
46
What might receptive language look like in a person with AD?
- Increased processing time - Difficulty in noisy environment, problems with multi-partner conversations - Poor comprehension of complex sentences - Reduced receptive vocabulary - Literal understanding of figurative langauge - Poor sensitivity to context - Toruble following conversations, movie plot, etc.
47
What does Language Processing in AD look like?
- Prosody: Okay - Phonology: Preserved (formulate sounds and speak) - Semantic knowledge/memory: spared - Naming/word retrieval: poor - Syntax: Spared at the beginning, can percieve syntax well - Nonverval communication: Better preserved than verbal communication
48
In AD, ____________ communication is better preserved than ______________ communicaiton.
Nonverbal; verbal
49
Under MCI, what category does PPA fall under?
Non-amnesitc single domain
1538 - NCC - Dementia
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