L1: Module Intro

Question 1

define neurological physiohterapy

Answer 1

rehabilitation of physical changes caused by a neurological condition/ injury

Question 2

why do we approach rehabilitation

Answer 2

• reduce disability
• acquire new skills/ strategies which maximise activity
• help alter the physical and social environment, so that a given disability carries its minimal consequent handicap

Question 3

who is neurological physiotherapy for

Answer 3

• people who will make a spontaneous full improvement over a short period of time
• people who will improve steadily and may or may not return to premorbid function
• people who will not improve greatly and and who can expect a residual level of disability, but in whom some progress is possible.
• people who will deteriorate slowly over time
• people who will progress steadily and rapidly

Question 4

which are the 3 pathologies focussed on in the module

Answer 4

• cerebrovascular accident (CVA/ stroke)
• parkinsons
• multiple sclerosis

Question 5

define motor learning

Answer 5

a sustained change in motor behaviour

Question 6

what is motor learning

Answer 6

• a rehabilitation theory

Question 7

how does motor learning promote rehabilitation

Answer 7

motor programmes are learned and refined by repetitive use.
ongoing movement is detected by proprioceptors in muscles and joints and feedback control allows corrections to be made whenever the outcome does not match the goal.
overtime the feedback will turn into influence feedforward signals designed by the cortex.

Question 8

features, primary dirver and primary neural substrate involved with motor learning

Answer 8

Question 9

define neuroplasticity

Answer 9

the ability of the nervous system to change its activity in response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli by reorganising its structure, functions or connections after injuries

Question 10

what 2 major mechanisms can neuroplasticity be broken into

Answer 10

1. neuronal regeneration/ collateral sprouting
2. functional reorganisation

Question 11

describe neural regeneration of neuroplasticity

Answer 11

• synaptic plasticity: experience-dependent long-lasting changes in the strength of neuronal connections
• neurogenesis: brain continues to make new neurons

Question 12

principles and descriptions of neural regeneration

Answer 12

Question 13

describe functional reorganisation of neurplasticity

Answer 13

• equipotentiality: when one area of the brain is damaged, the opposing side of the brain would be able to sustain lost function
• vicariation: the brain can reorganise other portions of the brain to overtake functions that they were not intended to
• diaschisis: damage to one part fo the brain could cause a loss of function in another area due to some connected pathway