L11, Data analysis 2 - qualitative

Question 1

Analysing data

Answer 1

Important to trace requirements and “who said what”

Question 2

Triangulation

Answer 2

use multiple sources of data to understand the same thing. use several methods. Qualitative data ofter useful to interpret quantitative data.

Question 3

What is the purpose of user studies?

Answer 3

1. Tro understand the use-system

2. to analyses is the process of getting from unstructured data to a clear requirement picture

Question 4

How could one look at user requirements?

Answer 4

User requirements is a part of all requirements that have to be handled in a product development process

other:
—> requirements according to law
—> technological requirements

Question 5

How do you go from customer information to technical requirements?

Answer 5

1. one could consider a direct interpretation and transfer the information from interviews, observations etc. to requirements

Question 6

Name some risks with regards to transforming sutomer information to technical requirements?

Answer 6

1. overlook important information
2. Draw conclusions on basis that one remembers most clearly
3. Draw conclusions on basis of what made the strongest impression
4. overlook information that does not confirm one’s pre-assumptions

Question 7

How to overcome the risk when interpreting the customer needs?

Answer 7

One should treat and analyze the information in a systematic way in order to reduce any bias

Question 8

Name the steps of analyzing data!

Answer 8

1. Reduce data
2. Analyze the reduced data using different methods and tools
3. Identify and search for:
   —> typical or untypical values, claims, comments
   —> stated or enacted problems, the causes of problems
   —> sated requirements, wishes
   —> search for patterns
4. Formulate requirements for the future solution in two steps
   —> 1. customer requirements
   —> 2. Technical requirements

Important with traceability of requirements

Question 9

triangulation?

Answer 9

— It is often useful to triangulate, i.e. to use multiple data sources to better understand the user

— Qualitative data is often useful to interpret the quantitative data.

Question 10

Give an example of compensating behavior!

Answer 10

putting a bowl in the coffee machine for it not to drop

Question 11

Describe the process of the passenger flow experiment!

Answer 11

EXPERIMENT PROCESS

1. Identification of passenger categories
2. warm-up exercise
3. Distributions of travel plans
4. Distribution of baby stroller and luggage
5. First journey
6. Coffe break
7. Second journey
8. Questionnaire
9. Focus group interview

Question 12

What did they study in the passenger flow experiment?

Answer 12

1. only to be allowed to enter the bus in the forward door
2. to have a forth door
3. foldable seats
4. new front part of the bus
5. The validity of the experiment

Question 13

what were the analysis based on for having a fourth door?

Answer 13

1. dwewll times
2. observations
3. door choise
4. participants answers ti questionnaires
5. quotes from participants

Question 14

How to plan the analyses?

Answer 14

1. what questions do I want answered?
2. What analysis must be done to answer that question
3. What data collection method provides the kind of data needed for my analyses

Question 15

How to deal with qualitative data?

Answer 15

LIST-REDUCE-ORGANIZE

1. Compile all comments
2. Read through the comments
   —> code for each participant
3. Reduce data
4. Group the comments according to different themes

Question 16

How to deal with interview analysis?

Answer 16

1. read through transcripts
2. search for relevant comments, statements etc.
3. Add code for each respondent
   —> enable tracking of comments
4. search for relevant themes
   —> investigate what aspects are re-occurring in the comments
5. Matrices provide a good overview both across questions and across individuals

Question 17

Name some tools to use inorder to analys qualitative data?

Answer 17

1. KJ method
2. tree diagrams
3. fishbone diagrams

Metods are there to force you to spend time on your data. They do not simply lead to clear, in-deph requirement picture

Question 18

Describe the KJ method

Answer 18

KJ=Jiro Kawakita

1. Write statements on post-its and put on the wall
2. Group the statements according to similarity/ Themes

Question 19

Steps of turning information into a specification?

Answer 19

The stages involve interpretation, translation and transformation but definitely NOT transformation only.

Question 20

How may requirements be expressed?

Answer 20

1. requirements, statements
2. descriptions of probems
3. descriptoins of how problems have been solved
4. comparisons with other solutions
5. suggestions for sulutions
6. actions e.g. compensating behavior