L12 - Sepsis

Question 1

systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

Answer 1

Two or more of the following:

• fever
• elevated or low WBC
• tachycardia
• tachypnea

Question 2

sepsis

Answer 2

SIRS plus infection

Question 3

severe sepsis

Answer 3

sepsis that is accompanied by low blood pressure treatable with fluids

Question 4

septic shock

Answer 4

sepsis with hypotension that does not resolve with fluids

Question 5

initiators of sepsis

Answer 5

PAMPs, superantigens, DAMPs

Question 6

LPS in sepsis

Answer 6

binds with CD14 via TLR4; results in TNFa, IL-1, and IL-6

Question 7

IL-10

Answer 7

anti-inflammatory cytokine

Question 8

treatment of sepsis

Answer 8

1. stabilize
2. clear microorganisms
3. remove focus of infection

Question 9

Two or more of the following:

• fever
• elevated or low WBC
• tachycardia
• tachypnea

Answer 9

systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

Question 10

SIRS plus infection

Answer 10

sepsis

Question 11

sepsis that is accompanied by low blood pressure treatable with fluids

Answer 11

severe sepsis

Question 12

sepsis with hypotension that does not resolve with fluids

Answer 12

septic shock

Question 13

anti-inflammatory cytokine

Answer 13

IL-10

Question 14

epidemiology of sepsis

Answer 14

• age: young or old
• underlying disease: neutropenia, chronic conditions, AIDS
• surgery or instrumentation
• prior drug therapy
• other: childbirth, trauma, ulceration

Question 15

sepsis cascades

Answer 15

• complement
• kinin-kallikrein
• coagulation
• fibrinolysis

Question 16

sepsis complement pathway

Answer 16

mast cell activation due to C5a; causes vasodilation

Question 17

sepsis kinin-kallikrein pathway

Answer 17

generation of kinins, such as bradykinin; causes hypotension

Question 18

sepsis coagulation cascade

Answer 18

DIC, thrombosis

Question 19

sepsis fibrinolysis pathway

Answer 19

normally promotes clot resolution but is inhibited during sepsis

Question 20

clinical manifestations of sepsis

Answer 20

• nonspecific: fever, chills, tachypnea, tachycardia
• organ dysfunction
• virus reactivation/secondary infection
• death