2
Q
prodigal
A
[‘prɔdiɡəl] adj. 挥霍的；十分慷慨的
n. 浪子；挥霍者
Adj.1 : characterized by profuse or wasteful expenditure : LAVISH a prodigal feast prodigal outlays for her clothes
2 : recklessly spendthrift the prodigal prince
3 : yielding abundantly : LUXURIANT ? often used with of nature has been so prodigal of her bounty ?H. T. Buckle
synonyms see PROFUSE
n.1 : one who spends or gives lavishly and foolishly
2 : one who has returned after an absence
3
Q
prodigious
A
[prəu’didʒəs] adj. 惊人的，异常的，奇妙的；巨大的
Adj.1 a obsolete : being an omen : PORTENTOUS b : resembling or befitting a prodigy : STRANGE, UNUSUAL
2 : exciting amazement or wonder
3 : extraordinary in bulk, quantity, or degree : ENORMOUS
synonyms see MONSTROUS
4
Q
proficiency
A
[prəu’fiʃənsi] n. 精通，熟练
n.1 : advancement in knowledge or skill : PROGRESS
2 : the quality or state of being proficient
5
Q
proficient
A
[prəu’fiʃənt] adj. 熟练的，精通的
n. 精通；专家，能手
Adj. : well advanced in an art, occupation, or branch of knowledge
6
Q
profile
A
[‘prəufail] n. 侧面；轮廓；外形；剖面
n.1 : a representation of something in outline; especially : a human head or face represented or seen in a side view
2 : an outline seen or represented in sharp relief : CONTOUR
3 : a side or sectional elevation: as a : a drawing showing a vertical section of the ground b : a vertical section of a soil from the ground surface to the underlying unweathered material
4 : a set of data often in graphic form portraying the significant features of something a corporation’s earnings profile; especially : a graph representing the extent to which an individual exhibits traits or abilities as determined by tests or ratings
5 : a concise biographical sketch
6 : degree or level of public exposure trying to keep a low profile a job with a high profile
synonyms see OUTLINE
vt.1 : to represent in profile or by a profile : produce (as by drawing, writing, or graphing) a profile of
2 : to shape the outline of by passing a cutter around
3 : to subject to profiling
7
Q
profitable
A
[‘prɔfitəbl] adj. 有利可图的；赚钱的；有益的
Adj.: affording profits : yielding advantageous returns or results
8
Q
profligacy
A
[‘prɔfliɡəsi] n. 肆意挥霍；放荡；浪费
n.: the quality or state of being profligate
9
Q
profound
A
[prəu’faund] adj. 深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的
Adj.1 a : having intellectual depth and insight b : difficult to fathom or understand
2 a : extending far below the surface b : coming from, reaching to, or situated at a depth : DEEP-SEATED a profound sigh
3 a : characterized by intensity of feeling or quality b : all encompassing : COMPLETE profound sleep profound deafness
n.archaic : something that is very deep; specifically : the depths of the sea
10
Q
profundity
A
[prəu’fʌndəti] n. 深刻；深度；深奥
n.1 a : intellectual depth b : something profound or abstruse
2 : the quality or state of being profound or deep
11
Q
profuse
A
[prəu’fju:s] adj. 丰富的；很多的；慷慨的；浪费的
Adj.1 : pouring forth liberally : EXTRAVAGANT profuse in their thanks
2 : exhibiting great abundance : BOUNTIFUL a profuse harvest
12
Q
prohibit
A
[prəu’hibit] vt. 阻止，禁止
vt.1 : to forbid by authority : ENJOIN
2 a : to prevent from doing something b : PRECLUDE
synonyms see FORBID
13
Q
prohibitive
A
[prəu’hibitiv] adj. 禁止的，禁止性的；抑制的；（费用，价格等）过高的；类同禁止的
Adj.1 : tending to prohibit or restrain
2 : tending to preclude use or purchase prohibitive costs
3 : almost certain to perform as predicted a prohibitive favorite
14
Q
proliferate
A
[prəu’lifəreit] vi. 增殖；扩散；激增
vt. 使激增
intransitive verb
1 : to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds, or offspring
2 : to increase in number as if by proliferating : MULTIPLY
transitive verb
1 : to cause to grow by proliferating
2 : to cause to increase in number or extent as if by proliferating
15
Q
prolific
A
[prəu’lifik] adj. 多产的；丰富的
Adj.1 : producing young or fruit especially freely : FRUITFUL
2 archaic : causing abundant growth, generation, or reproduction
3 : marked by abundant inventiveness or productivity a prolific composer
16
Q
prolong
A
[prə’lɔŋ, ‘lɔ:ŋ] vt. 延长；拖延vt.1 : to lengthen in time : CONTINUE
2 : to lengthen in extent, scope, or range
synonyms see EXTEND
17
Q
prominence
A
[‘prɔminəns] n. 突出；显著；突出物；卓越
n.1 : something prominent : PROJECTION a rocky prominence
2 : the quality, state, or fact of being prominent or conspicuous
3 : a mass of gas resembling a cloud that arises from the chromosphere of the sun
18
Q
promote
A
[prəu’məut] vt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬
vi. 成为王后或其他大于卒的子
vt.1 a : to advance in station, rank, or honor : RAISE b : to change (a pawn) into a piece in chess by moving to the eighth rank c : to advance (a student) from one grade to the next higher grade
2 a : to contribute to the growth or prosperity of : FURTHER promote international understanding b : to help bring (as an enterprise) into being : LAUNCH c : to present (merchandise) for buyer acceptance through advertising, publicity, or discounting
3 slang : to get possession of by doubtful means or by ingenuity
synonyms see ADVANCE
19
Q
promotion
A
[prəu’məuʃən] n. 提升，晋升；推销，促销；促进；发扬，振兴
n.1 : the act or fact of being raised in position or rank : PREFERMENT
2 : the act of furthering the growth or development of something; especially : the furtherance of the acceptance and sale of merchandise through advertising, publicity, or discounting
20
Q
promptness
A
[prɔmptnis] n. 机敏，敏捷；迅速
Adj.1 : being ready and quick to act as occasion demands
2 : performed readily or immediately prompt assistance
synonyms see QUICK
21
Q
promulgate
A
[‘prɔməlɡeit, prəu’mʌl-] vt. 公布；传播；发表
vt.1 : to make (as a doctrine) known by open declaration : PROCLAIM
2 a : to make known or public the terms of (a proposed law) b : to put (a law) into action or force
synonyms see DECLARE
22
Q
prone
A
[prəun] adj. 俯卧的；有…倾向的，易于…的
Pron1 : having a tendency or inclination : being likely prone to forget names accident-prone
2 a : having the front or ventral surface downward b : lying flat or prostrate
23
Q
pronounced
A
[prəu’naunst] adj. 显著的；断然的；讲出来的
v. 发音；宣告；断言（pronounce的过去分词）
Adj.: strongly marked : DECIDED a pronounced dislike
24
Q
proofread
A
[‘pru:f,ri:d] vt. 校对，校勘
vi. 做校对工作
vt. : to read and mark corrections in (as a proof)
25
Q
propaganda
A
[,prɔpə’ɡændə] n. 宣传；[宗]传道总会
n.1 capitalized : a congregation of the Roman curia having jurisdiction over missionary territories and related institutions
2 : the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person
3 : ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one’s cause or to damage an opposing cause; also : a public action having such an effect
26
propagate
['prɔpəɡeit] vt. 传播；传送；繁殖；宣传
vi. 繁殖；增殖
Transitive verb
1 : to cause to continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction
2 : to pass along to offspring
3 a : to cause to spread out and affect a greater number or greater area : EXTEND b : to foster growing knowledge of, familiarity with, or acceptance of (as an idea or belief) : PUBLICIZE c : to transmit (as sound or light) through a medium
intransitive verb
1 : to multiply sexually or asexually
2 : INCREASE, EXTEND
3 : to travel through space or a material ? used of wave energy (as light, sound, or radio waves)
27
propel
[prəu'pel] vt. 推进；驱使；激励；驱策
| vt.: to drive forward or onward by or as if by means of a force that imparts motion
28
propensity
[prəu'pensiti] n. 倾向，习性；癖好，偏爱
n.: an often intense natural inclination or preference
synonyms see LEANING
29
prophesy
['prɒfɪsaɪ] vt. 预言；预告
vi. 预言；预报；传教
Transitive verb
1 : to utter by or as if by divine inspiration
2 : to predict with assurance or on the basis of mystic knowledge
3 : PREFIGURE
intransitive verb
1 : to speak as if divinely inspired
2 : to give instruction in religious matters : PREACH
3 : to make a prediction
synonyms see FORETELL
30
prophetic
[prəu'fetik] adj. 预言的，预示的；先知的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or characteristic of a prophet or prophecy
2 : foretelling events : PREDICTIVE
31
propitiate
[prəu'piʃieit] vt. 抚慰，安抚；与…和解
vt.: to gain or regain the favor or goodwill of : APPEASE, CONCILIATE
synonyms see PACIFY
32
propitious
```
[prəu'piʃəs] adj. 适合的；吉利的；顺利的
Adj.1 : favorably disposed : BENEVOLENT
2 : being a good omen : AUSPICIOUS *propitious sign*
3 : tending to favor : ADVANTAGEOUS
synonyms see FAVORABLE
```
33
proposition
n.1 a (1) : something offered for consideration or acceptance : PROPOSAL (2) : a request for sexual intercourse b : the point to be discussed or maintained in argument usually stated in sentence [,prɔpə'ziʃən] n. 命题；提议；[修辞]主题；议题
vt. 向…提议；向…求欢
Form near the outset c : a theorem or problem to be demonstrated or performed
2 a : an expression in language or signs of something that can be believed, doubted, or denied or is either true or false b : the objective meaning of a proposition
3 : something of an indicated kind to be dealt with *the farm was never a paying proposition*
vt. : to make a proposal to; especially : to suggest sexual intercourse to
34
proprietary
[prəu'praiətəri] n. 所有权；所有人
adj. 所有的；专利的；私人拥有的
n.1 : one that possesses, owns, or holds exclusive right to something; specifically : PROPRIETOR 1
2 : something that is used, produced, or marketed under exclusive legal right of the inventor or maker; specifically : a drug (as a patent medicine) that is protected by secrecy, patent, or copyright against free competition as to name, product, composition, or process of manufacture
3 : a business secretly owned by and run as a cover for an intelligence organization
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or characteristic of a proprietor *proprietary rights*
2 : used, made, or marketed by one having the exclusive legal right *a proprietary process* *proprietary software*
3 : privately owned and managed and run as a profit-making organization *a proprietary clinic*
35
propriety
[prəu'praiəti] n. 适当；礼节；得体
n.1 obsolete : true nature
2 obsolete : a special characteristic : PECULIARITY
3 : the quality or state of being proper : APPROPRIATENESS
4 a : conformity to what is socially acceptable in conduct or speech b : fear of offending against conventional rules of behavior especially between the sexes c plural : the customs and manners of polite society
36
prosaic
[prəu'zeiik] adj. 平凡的，乏味的；散文体的
Adj.1 a : characteristic of prose as distinguished from poetry : FACTUAL b : DULL, UNIMAGINATIVE *prosaic advice*
2 : EVERYDAY, ORDINARY *heroic characters wasted in prosaic lives ?Kirkus Reviews*
37
proscribe
[prəus'kraib] vt. 剥夺……的公权；禁止
Vt1 : to publish the name of as condemned to death with the property of the condemned forfeited to the state
2 : to condemn or forbid as harmful or unlawful : PROHIBIT
38
prose
[prəuz] n. 散文；单调
adj. 散文的；平凡的；乏味的
vi. 写散文；乏味地讲话
vt. 把…写成散文
n.1 a : the ordinary language people use in speaking or writing b : a literary medium distinguished from poetry especially by its greater irregularity and variety of rhythm and its closer correspondence to the patterns of everyday speech
2 : a prosaic style, quality, or condition
Adj.1 a : the ordinary language people use in speaking or writing b : a literary medium distinguished from poetry especially by its greater irregularity and variety of rhythm and its closer correspondence to the patterns of everyday speech
2 : a prosaic style, quality, or condition
vt.1 : to write prose
2 : to write or speak in a prosaic manner
39
prosecute
['prɔsikju:t] vt. 检举；贯彻；从事；依法进行
vi. 起诉；告发；作检察官
Transitive verb
1 : to follow to the end : pursue until finished *wasTordered to prosecute the war withTvigor ?Marjory S. Douglas*
2 : to engage in : PERFORM
3 a : to bring legal action against for redress or punishment of a crime or violation of law *prosecuted them for fraud* b : to institute legal proceedings with reference to *prosecute a claim*
intransitive verb : to institute and carry on a legal suit or prosecution
40
proselytize
['prɔsilitaiz] vi. 劝诱改宗
vt. 使改宗
Intransitive verb
1 : to induce someone to convert to one's faith
2 : to recruit someone to join one's party, institution, or cause
transitive verb : to recruit or convert especially to a new faith, institution, or cause
41
prospect
['prɔspekt] n. 前途；预期；景色
vi. 勘探，找矿
vt. 勘探，勘察
n.1 : EXPOSURE 3b
2 a (1) : an extensive view (2) : a mental consideration : SURVEY b : a place that commands an extensive view : LOOKOUT c : something extended to the view : SCENE d archaic : a sketch or picture of a scene
3 obsolete : ASPECT
4 a : the act of looking forward : ANTICIPATION b : a mental picture of something to come : VISION c : something that is awaited or expected : POSSIBILITY d plural (1) : financial expectations (2) : CHANCES
5 : a place showing signs of containing a mineral deposit
6 a : a potential buyer or customer b : a likely candidate for a job or position
intransitive verb : to explore an area especially for mineral deposits
transitive verb : to inspect (a region) for mineral deposits; broadly : EXPLORE
42
prostrate
['prɔstreit] adj. 俯卧的；拜倒的；降伏的；沮丧的
vt. 使…屈服；将…弄倒；使…俯伏
Adj.1 : stretched out with face on the ground in adoration or submission; also : lying flat
2 : completely overcome and lacking vitality, will, or power to rise *was prostrate from the heat*
3 : trailing on the ground : PROCUMBENT *prostrate shrubs*
synonyms see PRONE
vt.1 : to throw or put into a prostrate position
2 : to put (oneself) in a humble and submissive posture or state *the whole town had to prostrate itself in official apology ?Claudia Cassidy*
3 : to reduce to submission, helplessness, or exhaustion *was prostrated with grief*
43
protective
[prəu'tektiv] adj. 防护的；关切保护的；保护贸易的
Adj.1 : protecting or intended to protect : affording or serving as a safeguard : providing a defense or shelter against danger or harm : tending to shield *many shore animals have protective color and patterns which enable them to blend with their surroundings?W.H.Dowdeswell* *failure to use protective masks in the numerous grinding operations?Lewis Mumford* *she felt protective towards him?Olive Johnson*
2 : based on or relating to the economic principles of protection : affording or designed to afford protection *protective duties*
3 : imposed as a means of or under the guise of insuring protection from public hostility *protective arrest* *if he's tight, return him to his ship under protective custody?D.R.Morris*n.1 : something that serves for protection
2 : an agent (as a medicine or a dressing) that protects the body or one of its parts (as from irritation or injury) *vitamins are protectives against certain deficiency diseases*
44
protest
n.1 : a solemn declaration of opinion and usually of dissent: as a : a sworn declaration that payment of a note or bill has been refused and that all responsible signers or debtors are liable for resulting loss or damage b : a declaration made especially before or while paying that a tax is illegal and that payment is [prəu'test, 'prəu-] vi. 抗议；断言
vt. 抗议；断言
n. 抗议
adj. 表示抗议的；抗议性的
Not voluntary
2 : the act of objecting or a gesture of disapproval *resigned in protest*; especially : a usually organized public demonstration of disapproval
3 : a complaint, objection, or display of unwillingness usually to an idea or a course of action *went under protest*
4 : an objection made to an official or a governing body of a sport
transitive verb
1 : to make solemn declaration or affirmation of *protest my innocence*
2 : to execute or have executed a formal protest against (as a bill or note)
3 : to make a statement or gesture in objection to *protested the abuses of human rights*
intransitive verb
1 : to make a protestation
2 : to make or enter a protest
synonyms see ASSERT
45
prototype
['prəutətaip] n. 原型；标准，模范
n.1 : an original model on which something is patterned : ARCHETYPE
2 : an individual that exhibits the essential features of a later type
3 : a standard or typical example
4 : a first full-scale and usually functional form of a new type or design of a construction (as an airplane)
46
protozoan
[,prəutəu'zəuən, -ən] n. 原生动物
adj. 原生动物的
n. : any of a phylum or subkingdom (Protozoa) of chiefly motile and heterotrophic unicellular protists (as amoebas, trypanosomes, sporozoans, and paramecia) that are represented in almost every kind of habitat and include some pathogenic parasites of humans and domestic animals
47
protract
[prə'trækt] vt. 绘制；延长；伸展
vt.1 archaic : DELAY, DEFER
2 : to prolong in time or space : CONTINUE
3 : to extend forward or outward ? compare RETRACT 1
synonyms see EXTEND
48
protrude
```
[prəu'tru:d] vt. 使突出，使伸出
vi. 突出，伸出
Transitive verb
1 archaic : to thrust forward
2 : to cause to project
intransitive verb : to jut out from the surrounding surface or context *a handkerchief protruding from his breast pocket*
```
49
proverb
```
['prɔvə:b] n. 谚语，格言；众所周知的人或事
n.1 : a brief popular epigram or maxim : ADAGE
2 : BYWORD 4
vt.1 : to speak of proverbially
2 obsolete : to provide with a proverb
```
50
provident
['prɔvidənt] adj. 节俭的；有先见之明的；顾及未来的
Adj.1 : making provision for the future : PRUDENT
2 : FRUGAL, SAVING
51
provincial
[prəu'vinʃəl] adj. 省的；地方性的；偏狭的
n. 粗野的人；乡下人；外地人
n.1 : the superior of a province of a Roman Catholic religious order
2 : one living in or coming from a province
3 a : a person of local or restricted interests or outlook b : a person lacking urban polish or refinement
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or coming from a province
2 a : limited in outlook : NARROW b : lacking the polish of urban society : UNSOPHISTICATED
3 : of or relating to a decorative style (as in furniture) marked by simplicity, informality, and relative plainness; especially : FRENCH PROVINCIAL
52
provision
[prəu'viʒən] n. 规定；条款；准备；供应品
vt. 供给…食物及必需品
n.1 a : the act or process of providing b : the fact or state of being prepared beforehand c : a measure taken beforehand to deal with a need or contingency : PREPARATION *made provision for replacements*
2 : a stock of needed materials or supplies; especially : a stock of food ? usually used in plural
3 : PROVISO, STIPULATION
vt. : to supply with provisions
53
provisional
[prəu'viʒənəl] adj. 临时的，暂时的；暂定的
n. [美]临时邮票
Adj.: serving for the time being : TEMPORARY *a provisional government*
n. : a postage stamp for use until a regular issue appears ? compare DEFINITIVE
54
provocation
[,prɔvə'keiʃən] n. 挑衅；激怒；挑拨
n.1 : the act of provoking : INCITEMENT
2 : something that provokes, arouses, or stimulates
55
provocative
[prəu'vɔkətiv] adj. 刺激的，挑拨的；气人的
n. 刺激物，挑拨物；兴奋剂
Adj.: serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate *a provocative question*
56
provoke
[prəu'vəuk] vt. 驱使；激怒；煽动；惹起
vt.1 a archaic : to arouse to a feeling or action b : to incite to anger
2 a : to call forth (as a feeling or action) : EVOKE *provoke laughter* b : to stir up purposely *provoke a fight* c : to provide the needed stimulus for *will provoke a lot of discussion*
57
proximity
[prɔk'simiti] n. 亲近，接近；邻近
| n.: the quality or state of being proximate : CLOSENESS
58
prudent
['pru:dənt] adj. 谨慎的；精明的；节俭的
Adj.: characterized by, arising from, or showing prudence: as a : marked by wisdom or judiciousness *prudent advice* b : shrewd in the management of practical affairs *prudent investors* c : marked by circumspection : DISCREET d : PROVIDENT, FRUGAL
synonyms see WISE
59
prudish
['pru:diʃ] adj. 装正经的；过分规矩的
| Adj. : marked by prudery : PRIGGISH
60
pseudonym
['psju:dənim] n. 笔名；假名
| n.: a fictitious name; especially : PEN NAME
61
psyche
['psaiki] n. 灵魂；心智
vt.1 : PSYCHOANALYZE
2 a : to anticipate correctly the intentions or actions of : OUTGUESS b : to analyze or figure out (as a problem or course of action) *I psyched it all out by myself and decided ?David Hulburd*
3 a : to make psychologically uneasy : INTIMIDATE, SCARE *pressure doesn't psych me ?Jerry Quarry* ? often used with out *has a way of psyching out the competition* b : to make (as oneself) psychologically ready especially for performance ? often used with up *psyched herself up for the race*
n.1 capitalized : a princess loved by Cupid
2 [Greek psych*] a : SOUL, PERSONALITY *the nation's consumer psyche ?D. J. Kevles* b : MIND 2
62
psychological
[,psaikə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 心理的；心理学的；精神上的
Adj.1 a : of or relating to psychology b : MENTAL
2 : directed toward the will or toward the mind specifically in its conative function *psychological warfare*
63
psychology
[psai'kɔlədʒi] n. 心理学；心理状态
n.1 : the science of mind and behavior
2 a : the mental or behavioral characteristics of an individual or group b : the study of mind and behavior in relation to a particular field of knowledge or activity
3 : a theory or system of psychology *Freudian psychology* *the psychology of Jung*
64
publicize
['pʌblisaiz] vt. 宣传；公布
| vt.: to bring to the attention of the public : ADVERTISE
65
pugnacious
[pʌɡ'neiʃəs] adj. 好斗的，好战的
Adj.: having a quarrelsome or combative nature : TRUCULENT
synonyms see BELLIGERENT
66
puncture
['pʌŋktʃə] vt. 刺穿；揭穿；削弱
vi. 被刺穿；被戳破
n. 穿刺；刺痕
n.1 : an act of puncturing
2 : a hole, wound, or perforation made by puncturing
3 : a minute depression
transitive verb
1 : to pierce with or as if with a pointed instrument or object
2 : to make useless or ineffective as if by a puncture : DEFLATE
intransitive verb : to become punctured
67
pungent
['pʌndʒənt] adj. 辛辣的；刺激性的；苦痛的；尖刻的
Adj.1 : sharply painful
2 : having a stiff and sharp point *pungent leaves*
3 a : marked by a sharp incisive quality : CAUSTIC *a pungent critic* *pungent language* b : being sharp and to the point
4 a : causing a sharp or irritating sensation; especially : ACRID b : having an intense flavor or odor *a pungent chili*
68
punishment
['pʌniʃmənt] n. 惩罚；严厉对待，虐待
n.1 : the act of punishing
2 a : suffering, pain, or loss that serves as retribution b : a penalty inflicted on an offender through judicial procedure
3 : severe, rough, or disastrous treatment
69
purchase
['pə:tʃəs] n. 购买；紧握；起重装置
vt. 购买；赢得
vi. 购买东西
Transitive verb
1 a archaic : GAIN, ACQUIRE b : to acquire (real estate) by means other than descent c : to obtain by paying money or its equivalent : BUY d : to obtain by labor, danger, or sacrifice
2 : to constitute the means for buying *our dollars purchase less each year*
intransitive verb : to purchase something
n.1 : an act or instance of purchasing
2 : something obtained especially for a price in money or its equivalent
3 a (1) : a mechanical hold or advantage applied to the raising or moving of heavy bodies (2) : an apparatus or device by which advantage is gained b (1) : an advantage (as a firm hold or position) used in applying one's power *clutching the steering wheel for more purchase ?Barry Crump* (2) : a means of exerting power
70
purified
adj. 净化的；精制的
v. 使纯净；去除（purify的过去分词）；精炼
Transitive verb : to make pure: as a : to clear from material defilement or imperfection b : to free from guilt or moral or ceremonial blemish c : to free from undesirable elements
intransitive verb : to grow or become pure or clean
71
purport
['pə:pət, -pɔ:t] vt. 声称；意图；意指；打算
n. 意义，主旨；意图
n. : meaning conveyed, professed, or implied : IMPORT; also : SUBSTANCE, GIST
vt.1 : to have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming (something implied or inferred) *a book that purports to be an objective analysis*; also : CLAIM *foreign novels which he purports to have translated ?Mary McCarthy*
2 : INTEND, PURPOSE
72
purposiveness
n. 目的性
Adj.1 : serving or effecting a useful function though not as a result of planning or design
2 : having or tending to fulfill a conscious purpose or design : PURPOSEFUL
73
pursuit
[pə'sju:t] n. 追赶，追求；职业，工作
n.1 : the act of pursuing
2 : an activity that one engages in as a vocation, profession, or avocation : OCCUPATION
synonyms see WORK
74
quagmire
['kwæɡmaiə, 'kwɔ-] n. 沼泽，沼泽地；无法脱身的困境
n.1 : soft miry land that shakes or yields under the foot
2 : a difficult, precarious, or entrapping position : PREDICAMENT
75
quaint
[kweint] adj. 古雅的；奇怪的；离奇有趣的；做得很精巧的
Adj.1 obsolete : EXPERT, SKILLED
2 a : marked by skillful design *quaint with many a device in India ink ?Herman Melville* b : marked by beauty or elegance
3 a : unusual or different in character or appearance : ODD *figures of fun, quaint people ?Herman Wouk* b : pleasingly or strikingly old-fashioned or unfamiliar
synonyms see STRANGE
76
qualified
['kwɔlifaid] adj. 合格的；有资格的
v. 限制（qualify的过去分词）；描述；授权予
Adj.1 a : fitted (as by training or experience) for a given purpose : COMPETENT b : having complied with the specific requirements or precedent conditions (as for an office or employment) : ELIGIBLE
2 : limited or modified in some way *qualified approval*
77
qualm
[kwɔ:m, kwɑ:lm] n. 疑虑；不安
n.1 : a sudden attack of illness, faintness, or nausea
2 : a sudden access of usually disturbing emotion (as doubt or fear)
3 : a feeling of uneasiness about a point especially of conscience or propriety
78
quantifiable
['kwɔntifaiəbl] adj. 可以计量的
vt.1 a (1) : to limit by a quantifier (2) : to bind by prefixing a quantifier b : to make explicit the logical quantity of
2 : to determine, express, or measure the quantity of
79
quantum
['kwɔntəm] n. 量子论；额；美国昆腾公司（世界领先的硬盘生产商）
n.1 a : QUANTITY, AMOUNT b : PORTION, PART c : gross quantity : BULK
2 a : any of the very small increments or parcels into which many forms of energy are subdivided b : any of the small subdivisions of a quantized physical magnitude (as magnetic moment)
Adj.1 : LARGE, SIGNIFICANT *a quantum improvement*
2 : of, relating to, or employing the principles of quantum mechanics *quantum physics*
80
quarantine
['kwɔrənti:n] vt. 检疫；隔离；使隔离
n. 检疫；隔离；检疫期；封锁
vi. 实行隔离
n.1 : a period of 40 days
2 a : a term during which a ship arriving in port and suspected of carrying contagious disease is held in isolation from the shore b : a regulation placing a ship in quarantine c : a place where a ship is detained during quarantine
3 a : a restraint upon the activities or communication of persons or the transport of goods designed to prevent the spread of disease or pests b : a place in which those under quarantine are kept
4 : a state of enforced isolation
transitive verb
1 : to detain in or exclude by quarantine
2 : to isolate from normal relations or communication *quarantine an aggressor*
intransitive verb : to establish or declare a quarantine
81
quarrel
['kwɔ:rəl] vi. 吵架；争论；挑剔
n. 吵架；反目；怨言；争吵的原因；方头凿
n. : a square-headed bolt or arrow especially for a crossbow
n.1 : a ground of dispute or complaint *have no quarrel with a different approach*
2 : a usually verbal conflict between antagonists : ALTERCATION
vi.1 : to find fault *many people quarrel with the idea ?Johns Hopkins Magazine*
2 : to contend or dispute actively *quarreled frequently with his superiors ?London Calling*
82
quash
[kwɔʃ] vt. 撤销；镇压；宣布无效；捣碎
vt. : to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely *quash a rebellion*
vt. : to nullify especially by judicial action *quash an indictment*
83
querulous
['kweruləs] adj. 易怒的，暴躁的；爱发牢骚的，抱怨的；爱挑剔的
Adj.1 : habitually complaining
2 : FRETFUL, WHINING *a querulous voice*
84
quiescence
[kwai'esns] n. 静止；沉默
| n.: the quality or state of being quiescent
85
quiescent
[kwai'esənt] adj. 静止的；不活动的；沉寂的
Adj.1 : marked by inactivity or repose : tranquilly at rest
2 : causing no trouble or symptoms *quiescent gallstones*
synonyms see LATENT
86
quixotic
[kwik'sɔtik] adj. 唐吉诃德式的；狂想家的；愚侠的
Adj.1 : foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals; especially : marked by rash lofty romantic ideas or extravagantly chivalrous action
2 : CAPRICIOUS, UNPREDICTABLE
synonyms see IMAGINARY
87
quote
[kwəut, kəut] vt. 报价；引述；举证
vi. 报价；引用；引证
n. 引用
Transitive verb
1 a : to speak or write (a passage) from another usually with credit acknowledgment b : to repeat a passage from especially in substantiation or illustration c : BORROW 2a *quoting the motifs of past artists*
2 : to cite in illustration *quote cases of similar acts*
3 a : to state (the current price or bid-offer spread) for a commodity, stock, or bond b : to give exact information on
4 : to set off by quotation marks
intransitive verb : to inform a hearer or reader that matter following is quoted
n.1 : QUOTATION
2 : QUOTATION MARK ? often used orally to indicate the beginning of a direct quotation
88
raciness
['reisinis] n. 辛辣；风味好；爽利；近乎淫猥
n.: the quality of being racy : EARTHINESS *with a more polite, standardized speech a lot of the raciness has departed from the London streets?H.V.Morton* *an idiomatic raciness of speech, expressing a strong vitality?F.R.Leavis*
89
radiant
['reidiənt] adj. 辐射的；容光焕发的；光芒四射的
n. 光点；发光的物体
Adj.1 a : radiating rays or reflecting beams of light b : vividly bright and shining : GLOWING
2 : marked by or expressive of love, confidence, or happiness *a radiant smile*
3 a : emitted or transmitted by radiation b : emitting or relating to radiant heat
synonyms see BRIGHT
n. : something that radiates: as a : a point in the heavens at which the visible paths of meteors appear to meet when traced backward b : the part of a gas or electric heater that becomes incandescent
90
radicalism
['rædikəlizəm] n. 激进主义
n.1 : the quality or state of being radical
2 : the doctrines or principles of radicals
91
radically
['rædikəli] adv. 根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式
Adv.1 : in origin or essence
2 : in a radical or extreme manner
92
rag
[ræɡ] n. 破布；碎屑
vt. 戏弄；责骂
vi. 变破碎；穿着讲究
n.1 a : a waste piece of cloth b plural : clothes usually in poor or ragged condition c : CLOTHING *the rag trade*
2 : something resembling a rag
3 : NEWSPAPER; especially : a sleazy newspaper
n.1 : any of various hard rocks
2 : a large roofing slate that is rough on one side
vt.1 : to rail at : SCOLD
2 : TORMENT, TEASE
n.chiefly British : an outburst of boisterous fun; also : PRANK
n.: a composition in ragtime
93
rage
```
[reidʒ] n. 愤怒；狂暴，肆虐；情绪激动
vi. 大怒，发怒；流行，风行
.1 a : violent and uncontrolled anger b : a fit of violent wrath c archaic : INSANITY
2 : violent action (as of wind or sea)
3 : an intense feeling : PASSION
4 : a fad pursued with intense enthusiasm *was all the rage*
synonyms see ANGER, FASHION
vi.1 : to be in a rage
2 : to be in tumult
3 : to prevail uncontrollably
```
94
ragged
['ræɡid] adj. 衣衫褴褛的；粗糙的；参差不齐的；锯齿状的；刺耳的；不规则的
Adj.1 : roughly unkempt
2 : having an irregular edge or outline
3 a : torn or worn to tatters b : worn-out from stress and strain *ran herself ragged*
4 : wearing tattered clothes
5 a : STRAGGLY b : executed in an irregular or uneven manner c of a sound : HARSH, DISSONANT
95
ragtime
['ræɡtaim] n. [音]繁音拍子（多切分节奏的一种早期爵士乐）
adj. 滑稽的；不严肃的
n.1 : rhythm characterized by strong syncopation in the melody with a regularly accented accompaniment in stride-piano style
2 : music having ragtime rhythm
96
raisin
['reizən] n. 葡萄干
| n.: a grape of any of several varieties that has been dried in the sun or by artificial heat
97
rampant
['ræmpənt] adj. 猖獗的；蔓延的；狂暴的；奔放的
Adj.1 a : rearing upon the hind legs with forelegs extended b : standing on one hind foot with one foreleg raised above the other and the head in profile ? used of a heraldic animal
2 a : marked by a menacing wildness, extravagance, or absence of restraint *rampant rumors* b : profusely widespread *rampant weeds*
98
ramshackle
['ræm,ʃækl] adj. 摇晃的；放荡的
Adj.1 : appearing ready to collapse : RICKETY
2 : carelessly or loosely constructed *a ramshackle plot*
99
ranch
```
[rɑ:ntʃ, ræntʃ] n. 大农场；大牧场
vi. 经营牧场；在牧场工作
vt. 经营牧场；在牧场饲养…
Intransitive verb : to live or work on a ranch
transitive verb
1 : to work as a rancher on
2 : to raise on a ranch
```
100
rancid
['rænsid] adj. 腐臭的；令人作呕的，讨厌的
Adj.1 : having a rank smell or taste
2 : OFFENSIVE
101
rancor
['ræŋkə] n. 深仇；怨恨；敌意
n.: bitter deep-seated ill will
synonyms see ENMITY
102
rarefy
['rεərifai] vt. 使纯化；变稀薄；精选
vi. 变稀薄；纯化
Transitive verb
1 : to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense : to expand without the addition of matter
2 : to make more spiritual, refined, or abstruse
intransitive verb : to become less dense
103
ratify
['rætifai] vt. 批准；认可
| vt. : to approve and sanction formally : CONFIRM *ratify a treaty*
104
rationale
[,ræʃə'nɑ:li, -'næ-] n. 基本原理；原理的阐述
n.1 : an explanation of controlling principles of opinion, belief, practice, or phenomena
2 : an underlying reason : BASIS
105
raucous
['rɔ:kəs] adj. 沙哑的；刺耳的；粗声的
Adj.1 : disagreeably harsh or strident : HOARSE *raucous voices*
2 : boisterously disorderly *aTraucous frontier town ?Truman Capote*
synonyms see LOUD
106
ravage
```
['rævidʒ] vt. 毁坏；破坏；掠夺
n. 蹂躏，破坏
vi. 毁坏；掠夺
n.1 : an act or practice of ravaging
2 : damage resulting from ravaging : violently destructive effect *the ravages of time*
```
107
rave
[reiv] n. 咆哮；胡言乱语；热烈赞美
vi. 咆哮；胡言乱语；狂骂
vt. 咆哮；语无伦次地说
adj. 赞扬的
Intransitive verb
1 a : to talk irrationally in or as if in delirium b : to speak out wildly c : to talk with extreme enthusiasm *raved about its beauty*
2 : to move or advance violently : STORM *the iced gusts still rave and beat ?John Keats*
transitive verb : to utter in madness or frenzy
n.1 : an act or instance of raving
2 : an extravagantly favorable criticism *the play received the critics' raves*
3 : a large overnight dance party featuring techno music and usually involving the taking of mind-altering drugs
108
raze
[reiz] vt. 夷为平地；破坏；消除；拆毁
vt.1 a archaic : ERASE b : to scrape, cut, or shave off
2 : to destroy to the ground : DEMOLISH *raze an old building*
109
reactionary
[ri'ækʃənəri, ri:-] adj. 反动的；反动主义的；反对改革的
n. 反动分子；反动派
Adj. : relating to, marked by, or favoring reaction; especially : ultraconservative in politics
110
readable
['ri:dəbl] adj. 可读的；易读的；读起来津津有味的
| Adj.: able to be read easily: as a : LEGIBLE b : interesting to read *a highly readable novel*
111
reaffirm
[,ri:ə'fə:m] vt. 再肯定，重申；再断言
| vt. : to affirm again especially so as to strengthen or confirm *reaffirmed certain fundamental principles?Vera M. Dean*
112
reaffirmation
[ri'əfə:meiʃən] n. 重申；再断言；再确认
| n. : the act of reaffirming or condition of being reaffirmed
113
realistic
[,riə'listik, ,ri:-] adj. 现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的
Adj.1 a : of, relating to, or marked by literary or artistic realism *a realistic novel* *realistic portraiture* b : advocating or characterized by philosophical or juristic realism *a realistic system of thought* *realistic jurisprudence*
2 : facing reality squarely : not impractical or visionary *a realistic view of the possibilities*
114
realm
[relm] n. 领域，范围；王国
n.1 : KINGDOM 2
2 : SPHERE, DOMAIN *within the realm of possibility*
3 : a primary marine or terrestrial biogeographic division of the earth's surface
115
reassure
[,ri:ə'ʃuə] vt. 使…安心，使消除疑虑
vt.1 : to assure anew *reassured him that the work was on schedule*
2 : to restore to confidence *felt reassured by their earnest promise to do better*
3 : REINSURE
116
rebellious
[ri'beljəs] adj. 反抗的；造反的；难控制的
Adj.1 a : given to or engaged in rebellion *rebellious troops* b : of, relating to, or characteristic of a rebel or rebellion *a rebellious speech*
2 : resisting treatment or management : REFRACTORY
117
rebroadcast
[riː'brɔːdkɑːst] n. 重播；转播；重播（或转播）的节目
vt. 重播；转播
vi. 重播；转播
vt.1 : to broadcast again (a radio or television program being simultaneously received from another source)
2 : to repeat (a broadcast) at a later time
118
rebuke
```
[ri'bju:k] vt. 指责，非难；制止；使相形见绌
n. 非难，指责；谴责，鞭策
vt.1 a : to criticize sharply : REPRIMAND b : to serve as a rebuke to
2 : to turn back or keep down : CHECK
synonyms see REPROVE
```
119
recalcitrant
[ri'kælsitrənt] adj. 反抗的；反对的；顽强的
n. 顽抗者；不服从的人
Adj.1 : obstinately defiant of authority or restraint
2 a : difficult to manage or operate b : not responsive to treatment c : RESISTANT *this subject is recalcitrant both to observation and to experiment ?G. G. Simpson*
synonyms see UNRULY
120
recapitulate
[,ri:kæpitjuleit] vi. 概括；重述要点；摘要
vt. 概括；重述要点；摘要
Transitive verb
1 a : to restate briefly : SUMMARIZE b : to give new form or expression to
2 : to repeat the principal stages or phases of *the view that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny*
intransitive verb : SUM UP
121
recast
[,ri:'kɑ:st, -'kæst, 'ri:kɑ:st, -kæst] vt. 重铸；彻底改动
n. 重铸；重做的事物
: to cast again *recast a gun* *recast a play*; also : REMODEL, REFASHION *recasts his political image to fit the times*
122
recede
[ri'si:d] vi. 后退；减弱
vt. 归还
vi.1 a : to move back or away : WITHDRAW *a receding hairline* b : to slant backward
2 : to grow less or smaller : DIMINISH, DECREASE *a receding deficit*
synonyms RECEDE, RETREAT, RETRACT, BACK mean to move backward. RECEDE implies a gradual withdrawing from a forward or high fixed point in time or space *the flood waters gradually receded*. RETREAT implies withdrawal from a point or position reached *retreating soldiers*. RETRACT implies drawing back from an extended position *a cat retracting its claws*. BACK is used with up, down, out, or off to refer to any retrograde motion *backed off on the throttle*.
vt. : to cede back to a former possessor
123
receptive
[ri'septiv] adj. 善于接受的；能容纳的
Adj.1 : able or inclined to receive; especially : open and responsive to ideas, impressions, or suggestions
2 a of a sensory end organ : fit to receive and transmit stimuli b : SENSORY
3 of a female animal : willing to copulate with a male *a receptive mare*
124
recessive
[ri'sesiv] adj. 隐性的；逆行的；后退的
n. 隐性性状
Adj.1 a : tending to recede b : WITHDRAWN 2
2 a : producing little or no phenotypic effect when occurring in heterozygous condition with a contrasting allele *recessive genes* b : expressed only when the determining gene is in the homozygous condition *recessive traits* *a recessive disease
n.1 : an organism possessing one or more recessive characters
2 : a recessive character or gene
125
recipient
[ri'sipiənt] n. 容器，接受者；容纳者
adj. 容易接受的，感受性强的
n. : one that receives : RECEIVER
126
reciprocally
[ri'siprəkli] adv. 相互地；相反地；互惠地
Adj.1 a : inversely related : OPPOSITE b : of, constituting, or resulting from paired crosses in which the kind that supplies the male parent of the first cross supplies the female parent of the second cross and vice versa
2 : shared, felt, or shown by both sides
3 : serving to reciprocate : consisting of or functioning as a return in kind *the reciprocal devastation of nuclear war*
4 a : mutually corresponding *agreed to extend reciprocal privileges to each other's citizens* b : marked by or based on reciprocity *reciprocal trade agreements*
127
reciprocate
[ri'siprəkeit] vt. 报答；互换；互给
vi. 往复运动；互换；酬答；互给
Transitive verb
1 : to give and take mutually
2 : to return in kind or degree *reciprocate a compliment gracefully*
intransitive verb
1 : to make a return for something *we hope to reciprocate for your kindness*
2 : to move forward and backward alternately *a reciprocating valve*
128
reciprocation
[ri,siprə'keiʃən] n. 交换；往复运动；报答
n.1 a : a mutual exchange b : a return in kind or of like value
2 : an alternating motion
129
reciprocity
[,resi'prɔsəti] n. 相互作用（复数reciprocities）；相互性；互惠主义
n.1 : the quality or state of being reciprocal : mutual dependence, action, or influence
2 : a mutual exchange of privileges; specifically : a recognition by one of two countries or institutions of the validity of licenses or privileges granted by the other
130
recital
[ri'saitəl] n. 朗诵，吟诵；独奏会；背诵；独唱会
n.1 a : a detailed account : ENUMERATION *a recital of names and dates* b : the act or process or an instance of reciting c : DISCOURSE, NARRATION *a colorful recital of a night on the town*
2 a : a concert given by an individual musician or dancer or by a dance troupe b : a public exhibition of skill given by music or dance pupils
131
recklessness
['reklisnis] n. 鲁莽；轻率；不顾一切，不顾后果
Adj.1 : marked by lack of proper caution : careless of consequences
2 : IRRESPONSIBLE *reckless charges*
synonyms see ADVENTUROUS
132
recluse
[ri'klu:s, 'reklu:s] n. 隐士；隐居者
adj. 隐居的
Adj.: marked by withdrawal from society : SOLITARY
133
reclusive
[ri'klu:siv] adj. 隐居的；隐遁的
Adj.1 : marked by seclusion or retirement : SOLITARY *a vast difference between an acceptable social attitude and an asocial or reclusive attitude?A.T.Weaver* *sit under the reclusive calm of the acacia tree?H.E.Bates*
2 : seeking solitude : retiring from society *said to be broken down in health and mind, to be reclusive, melancholy?Joyce Cary*
134
recoil
[ri'kɔil, 'ri:kɔil] vi. 畏缩；弹回；报应
n. 畏缩；弹回；反作用
vi.1 a : to fall back under pressure b : to shrink back physically or emotionally
2 : to spring back to or as if to a starting point : REBOUND
3 obsolete : DEGENERATE
n.1 : the act or action of recoiling; especially : the kickback of a gun upon firing
2 : REACTION *the recoil from the rigors of Calvinism ?Edmund Wilson*
135
recollect
[,rekə'lekt] v. 回忆，想起
Transitive verb
1 : to bring back to the level of conscious awareness : REMEMBER *trying to recollect the name*
2 : to remind (oneself) of something temporarily forgotten
intransitive verb : to call something to mind
synonyms see REMEMBER
136
recommendation
[,rekəmen'deiʃən] n. 推荐；建议；推荐信
1 a : the act of recommending b : something (as a procedure) recommended
2 : something that recommends or expresses commendation
137
recompose
[,ri:kəm'pəuz] vt. 改组；重写；重新安排；使恢复镇静
vt.1 : to compose again : REARRANGE
2 : to restore to composure
138
reconcile
['rekənsail] vt. 使一致；使和解；调停，调解；使顺从
Transitive verb
1 a : to restore to friendship or harmony *reconciled the factions* b : SETTLE, RESOLVE *reconcile differences*
2 : to make consistent or congruous *reconcile an ideal with reality*
3 : to cause to submit to or accept something unpleasant *was reconciled to hardship*
4 a : to check (a financial account) against another for accuracy b : to account for
intransitive verb : to become reconciled
synonyms see ADAPT
139
reconciliation
[,rekənsili'eiʃən] n. 和解；调和；和谐；甘愿
| n. : the action of reconciling or state of being reconciled
140
recondite
[ri'kɔndait, 'rekən-] adj. 深奥的；隐藏的；默默无闻的
Adj.1 : hidden from sight : CONCEALED
2 : difficult or impossible for one of ordinary understanding or knowledge to comprehend : DEEP *a recondite subject*
3 : of, relating to, or dealing with something little known or obscure *recondite fact about the origin of the holiday ?Floyd Dell*
141
reconnaissance
[ri'kɔnisəns] n. 侦察；勘测（等于reconnoissance）；搜索；事先考查
| n. : a preliminary survey to gain information; especially : an exploratory military survey of enemy territory
142
recount
[ri'kaunt] vt. 叙述；重新计算
n. 重算
vt. : to relate in detail : NARRATE
vt. : to count again
n. : a second or fresh count
143
recourse
[ri'kɔ:s, 'ri:kɔ:s] n. 求援，求助；[商][律]追索权；依赖；救生索
n.1 a : a turning to someone or something for help or protection *settled the matter without recourse to law* b : a source of help or strength : RESORT *had no recourse left*
2 : the right to demand payment from the maker or endorser of a negotiable instrument (as a check)
144
recreational
[,rekri'eiʃənəl, -kri:-] adj. 娱乐的，消遣的；休养的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or characteristic of recreation
2 : of or relating to recreational drugs or their use
145
rectify
['rektifai] vt. 改正；[化]精馏；[电]整流
vt.1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST *rectify the calendar*
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonyms see CORRECT
146
recuperate
[ri'kju:pəreit] vi. 恢复，复原；挽回损失
vt. 恢复，使恢复健康
Transitive verb
1 : to get back : REGAIN
2 : to bring back into use or currency : REVIVE *recuperate old traditions*
intransitive verb : to regain a former state or condition; especially : to recover health or strength
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recur
[ri'kə:] vi. 复发；重现；采用；再来；循环；递归
vi.1 : to have recourse : RESORT
2 : to go back in thought or discourse *on recurring to my letters of that date ?Thomas Jefferson*
3 a : to come up again for consideration b : to come again to mind
4 : to occur again after an interval : occur time after time *the cancer recurred*
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recurrent
[ri'kʌrənt, -'kə:-] adj. 复发的；周期性的，经常发生的
Adj.1 : running or turning back in a direction opposite to a former course ? used of various nerves and branches of vessels in the arms and legs
2 : returning or happening time after time *recurrent complaints*
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recurring
adj. 循环的；再发的
v. 返回（recur的现在分词）
Adj. : coming or happening again *a recurring need for solitude and silence?Havelock Ellis*
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redeem
[ri'di:m] vt. 赎回；挽回；兑换；履行；补偿；恢复
vt.1 a : to buy back : REPURCHASE b : to get or win back
2 : to free from what distresses or harms: as a : to free from captivity by payment of ransom b : to extricate from or help to overcome something detrimental c : to release from blame or debt : CLEAR d : to free from the consequences of sin
3 : to change for the better : REFORM
4 : REPAIR, RESTORE
5 a : to free from a lien by payment of an amount secured thereby b (1) : to remove the obligation of by payment *the United States Treasury redeems savings bonds on demand* (2) : to exchange for something of value *redeem trading stamps* c : to make good : FULFILL
6 a : to atone for : EXPIATE *redeem an error* b (1) : to offset the bad effect of (2) : to make worthwhile : RETRIEVE
synonyms see RESCUE
