L16 - duiretics

Question 1

what is diuretics

Answer 1

drug that increase water or solute excretion

-overrides homeostatic processes

Question 2

how do we regulate omso and volume balance in the body regarding urine

Answer 2

• we can adjust level of urine production to make sure the levels of osmo and volume is normal

Question 3

what is osmotic diuretics and eg of it

Answer 3

like mannitol

• filtered through the golumerulus but not absorbed so the osmo in the tubular fluid increases.
• draws in water into the fluid so urine vol increases

Question 4

how is glucose an osmotic diuretics

Answer 4

when there is an excess glucose, it’s excreted in the urine. but this increase osmo so water is also excreted

Question 5

why could osmotic diuretics be used

Answer 5

• to reducde fluid in tissues for surgery

- prevents ceberal oedema (swelling) following neurosurgery

Question 6

why is it bad to give a patient with heart failure an osmotic diuretic

Answer 6

this would make the fluid come out of the tissues and accumulate in the systematic circulation.
so the heart needs to work harder to pump the blood and the fluid around the body

Question 7

how does diuretics work on tubule reabsorption

Answer 7

• secreted through proximal tubule
• cant be filtered because they are bound to a plasma protein
• act on different points of the nephron

Question 8

how do loop diuretics work

Answer 8

inhibiting transport of NA, K, CL- ions

- water stays in the collecting duct and not absorbed by the body

Question 9

side of loop duiretics

Answer 9

• dehydration,
• alkalosis - as the ions like Mg, Ca, H and K are being excreted so theres more neg ions in the body
• hypoalakemia
• deafness - if not prevented early, ions needed for APs in the sensory cells

Question 10

therapy or treatments by using loop diuretics

Answer 10

• removes fluid-like oedema
• hyper calcaemia
• hypertension
• drug overdose - eliminates more toxic drug

Question 11

what is thiazides

Answer 11

eg Bendroflumethiazide
- inhibits NA/Cl- transporter in the DCT
-

Question 12

side fof thiazides

Answer 12

-increased excretion of Mg, H and K
-decreased Ca excretion so distrupted electical activity
-

Question 13

therapy or treatments by using thiazides

Answer 13

hypertension so reduces blood vol and vascular R

Question 14

what is K+sparing diuretics

Answer 14

-anatagonist for minercorticoid receptor
- inhibits aldosterone
inhibits Na absorption in the collecting duct but very small effect

Question 15

side effect of K-sparing diuretics

Answer 15

hyperkalemia

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