The human body contains more than _____ different specialised cell types.
200
What is the biological definition of a ‘tissue’?
A group of similar cells and products from the same embryonic region working together for a specific physiological or structural role.
Which level of organisation follows ‘Cells’ but precedes ‘Organs’?
Tissues.
What is the primary general function of epithelial tissue?
Acting as a protective barrier and covering surfaces.
What are the two primary general functions of muscle tissue?
Movement and heat generation.
Which tissue type is responsible for communication and coordination within the body?
Nervous tissue.
What is the primary general function of connective tissue?
Structural support and connecting other tissues.
How does the prevalence of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in connective tissue compare to that in muscle tissue?
The ECM is much more prevalent in connective tissue than in muscle tissue.
Why are gametes considered an exception to the standard definition of tissue?
“They are single, haploid cells rather than groups of similar cells working together.”
The trillions of gut bacteria that function like a virtual organ for digestion and immunity are known as the _____.
Microbiome
What unique characteristic defines enamel as a mineralised tissue once it is fully formed?
It contains no living cells.
Neural crest cells are described as _____ cell types because they migrate to form diverse cells during development.
Solo (or motile)
Which migratory skin cells distribute melanin via arm-like processes rather than being ‘glued’ in place?
Melanocytes.
In what state do adult stem cells, such as muscle satellite cells, typically remain until they are needed?
Quiescent (dormant).
Which type of epithelial tissue is specifically designed for the diffusion of gases in the lungs?
Squamous epithelium.
What are the three categories of protection provided by epithelial tissue as a first line of defence?
“Physical, chemical, and biological.”
Epithelial tissue is described as _____ because it lacks its own blood vessels.
Avascular
The distinct apical and basolateral domains of epithelial cells are a manifestation of their _____.
Polarity
Which structural feature is present in all epithelia, including simple squamous types, to provide a base?
Basement membrane.
Epithelial cells are connected by _____ to ensure intercellular adhesion and barrier properties.
Tight junctions
What are the three main types of muscle tissue found in the human body?
“Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.”
Which muscle type is responsible for voluntary movements of bones and soft tissues?
Skeletal muscle.
Cardiac muscle is unique because it is found only in the _____.
Heart
Where is smooth muscle typically located to facilitate the movement of substances?
“Organ walls (e.g., the gastrointestinal tract).”
