L5.1 Imaging

Question 1

What are the 5 layers of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 1

• multiple layers to maintain integrity

1. Bones
2. Labrum
3. Capsule
4. Tendons & rotator cuffs
5. Bones (& Surrounding structures)

Question 2

What are the methods to look at a shoulder pathology?

Answer 2

X-ray
CT (trauma & surgical planning)
US (rotator cuffs)
MRI (creates a global picture)

Question 3

What are the different shoulder pathologies?

Answer 3

• Arthritis - destruction of the articular cartilage
• Frozen Shoulders - Adhesion between different parts of join
• Tendinopathy - inflammation (mainly rotator cuffs) → leads to degeneration (wear and tear)

Question 4

What is an anthogram?

Answer 4

Specialised method to see tear by injecting contrast

Question 5

What is a Geyser phenomenon?

Answer 5

Joint squeezed all fluid out → creates lump on shoulderes

Question 6

What are the symptoms of spinal injury?

Answer 6

• Pain (localised/referred - to butt or back)
• Can arise from joints, disc, bones or nerves
• Loss of neurological function due to compression
  
  • Ridiculopathy - Impinging of nerve roots
  • Myelopathy - Impinging on spinal canal

Question 7

Methods used to look at spinal pathology?

Answer 7

• MRI (best)
• CT
• X-ray

Question 8

What happens during dessication (drying up of nucleus?)

Answer 8

• Predisposes it to degeneration
• Disc looks black in MRI
• Leads to cracks in annulus → herniation

Question 9

What is the thecal sac?

Answer 9

The dura containing spinal cord & Nerve roots