what is gene transfer
movement of genes between organisms
what is a transgenic organism
the result of gene transfer (GMO)
what is a transgene
the newly introduced gene
what is transformation
- ) the process of gene transfer or
2. ) conversion of a cultured mammalian cells to cancerous
what is gene therapy
gene transfer aimed at correction of genetic defect
what is germ line
the cell lineage in a multi tissue eukaryote from which gametes derived
what are somatic cells
make up the tissues of an organism but do not pass genes on the next generation
define totipotent
capable of differentiating into an entire organism
what are the features of Agrobacterium based gene transfer
- simple, easy, cheap to perform
- introduces single segment of DNA
- random insertion sites
- high efficiency for many plants
but.. - needs regeneration from cells within cultured explant
- host range limitation for gene transfer process
UPSHOT - not all species: lower frequency for many monocots
- not all varieties of species equally
What does biolistics do
introduce DNA into plant cells by particle bombardment
true or false, biolistics, particles penetrate 1-2 cell layers only
true
what are the new biolistic guns like
- host range independent
- animals and microbes
- moderate frequency
- high copy number
- more DNA rearrangements (mutations)
What is the FlavR SavR tomato
- 1st GM crop ever released
- expressed an antisense mRNA to reduce expression of the polygalacturonase enzyme –> delayed over ripening
- used in tomato processing industry
what are round-up ready genes
- for soybean, maize, etc
- weeds are killed but crops are not
- lessens cost for farmer
- higher profits for the company as they sell both the seeds and herbicides
what are the environmental advantages of round up ready
- less herbicide, single application post emergence
- safer herbicide of alternatives
- promotes no till agriculture , reduced soil losses
what are the possible disadvantages of round up ready genes
higher circulating herbicide concentrations in plant
some resistance is occuring in weeds
what is BT
- bacillus thuringiensis bacterial crystal protein expressed in palnts using CaMV 35S promoter
what is golden rice
- has genes that synthesize beta carotene
- coding regions are from maize and bacteria
