Ongoing Meical Care > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

All blood and other potentially infectious materials are treated as if infected with blood born pathogens, including:

A
  1. Hepatitis B (HBV)
  2. Hepatitis C (HCV)
  3. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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2
Q

Universal precautions apply to:

A

Blood
Tissue
Semen
Other body fluids

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3
Q

Universal Precautions do not apply to:

A
  • Feces
  • Nasal Secretions
  • Sputum
  • Sweat
  • Tears
  • Urine or vomit unless they contain blood
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4
Q

Specialize Clothing or equipment worn by a person to

A

Protect against a hazard

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5
Q

Face shields must be

A

Chin Length

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6
Q

Googles must have

A

Solid side shields

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7
Q

Who is in charge of OSHA

A

US Department of Labor and responsible for developing and enforcing workplace safety and health regulations

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8
Q

What is the Federal level organizations for laboratory safety requirements and procedures

A
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
  • National institute for occupational Safety and Health (NIVOSH)
  • Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
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9
Q

OSHA mission is

A
  • To assure the safety and health of America’s workers by setting and enforcing standards
  • Providing training, outreach and education
  • Establishing partnerships
  • Encouraging continual improvement in workplace
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10
Q

Who is in charge of NIOSH?

A

US department of Health and Human services and is an agency established to assure safe and healthful and working conditions for working men and women by providing research

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11
Q

What does the CFR regulate

A

Pertaining to the transportation of hazardous waste, and if violated there are fines and penalties.

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12
Q

What areas does CLIP apply to?

A

Medical departments aboard ships considered Non-Fixed Medical treatment Facilities

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13
Q

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Program DOD instruction

A

CLIP DOD 6440.02

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14
Q

When does the CLIP inspection occur and who can conduct it

A
  • Every 2 years

- Medical Laboratory officer or appointed Laboratory technician from hospitals in the area of responsibilities (AOR)

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15
Q

The CLIP binder must include

A
  1. Quality control on samples, test kits and analyzers
  2. Log of refrigerator and freezer temperature
  3. Maintenance logs for equipment maintained by biomed
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16
Q

Instructions for BUMED Laboratory management

A

BUMED 6280.1 series Management of Infectious Waste Instruction

NAVEDTRA 14295 series, chapter 19

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17
Q

What is SOFA

A

An agreement between a host nation and military forces. When a host nation’s rules and the Navy’s rules conflicts, always go with the stricter rule

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18
Q

Management of Infectious Waste Instruction

A

BUMED 6280.1 series

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19
Q

What is consider Non-Infectious

A

Medical waste that does not contain enough pathogen to be harmful

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20
Q

What are the criteria for Non-Infectious waste

A
  • Disposable products (diapers and used paper towels)
  • Non originating from post-partum suites or gynecological surgical wards
  • Small amounts of blood or other bodily fluids
  • Disposable products like bedpans, urinary catheters, and NG Tube, with no contents
  • Containers rinsed free of regulated body fluids
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21
Q

What are the regulated body fluids

A
  • Blood and blood components
  • Pleural fluids
  • Amniotic fluid
  • Synovial fluid
  • Peritoneal fluid
  • Pericardial fluid
  • CSF
  • Semen
  • Dialysate
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22
Q

What is considered infectious waste

A

Liquid or solid waste containing potential pathogens in sufficient numbers and virulence to cause disease in susceptible host exposed to the waste

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23
Q

What is considered Sharp

A

Objects or devices having acute rigid corners, edges, or protuberance capable of cutting or piercing

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24
Q

Segregate waste at

A

point of origin

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25
Where do general, normal or non-infectious waste is placed
Standard trashcans and discarded via regular trash procedures
26
Where are infectious/regulated waste place?
Red biohazard bags
27
How are infectious waste/regulated waste bags handled when throwing them away
Double bagged, goose-necked, and secured with heavy tape
28
Sharps are placed in?
In a rigid, puncture-resistant, leak proof container
29
When are sharped containers taken out of service
90 days, 3/4 full or if a foul odor is detected
30
The storage area of infectious waste and the limit they must be in there
- Mark with biohazard and authorized personnel only sign on the exterior - Should be near treatment or transport site and lockable - Keep clean and free of pest/rodents - up to 7 days storage limit
31
When disposing waste ashore, who must you comply with
Local, state, federal, and/or status of forces agreement (SOFA)
32
What should be monitored for disposal ashore
``` date time amount type disposition ```
33
What are the following criteria for requesting overboard discharge of infectious waste
- Endangers health or safety - Creates unacceptable nuisance - Compromise of combat readiness
34
What the following conditions must be met for overboard discharging
- CO Approval - Must be greater than 50 nautical miles from shore - Properly packaged and weighted for negative buoyancy - Entries must be made in the ships deck log and medical journal
35
Entries must be made in the ships deck log and medical journal indicate what
Date Time Ships location Number of bags
36
What methods are used for blood collection
Venipuncture and capillary puncture
37
When is capillary puncture use for
Pediatric Patients, Adults with extreme obesity, severe burns, and thrombotic tendencies
38
Most common sites for capillary puncture in infants
Plantar surface of the heel perpendicular to the big toe
39
Do not draw from IV sites because of
Dilutes Specimen | Alters test results
40
What is the max depth for a finger puncture from a lancet
not exceed 2mm into the finger tip
41
Which liquid anticoagulant is used in purple top
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
42
What studies are usually used for purple top
CBC Differential WBC ESR A1C
43
Laboratory policies aim to:
Provide a safe and healthful environment for everyone
44
Needles are not to be
Recapped, bent, cut, broken, removed from syringes, or otherwise manipulated by hand
45
Who to inform of all accidents, exposures or unsafe conditions and what to submit
Chain of command and A&I report
46
Who is in charge of NIOSH?
US department of Health and Human services and is an agency established to assure safe and healthful and working conditions for working men and women by providing research
47
How does EDTA prevent clotting
Binds to Calcium in the blood
48
What does EDTA do to the cell
Does not affect cellular morphology
49
How long can purple tops be refrigerated
24 hours
50
What liquid anticoagulant used in light blue tops
Sodium Citrate
51
What are typically used for light blue tops
Coagulation Studies: - Prothrombin Time (PT) - Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) - Fibrinogen (Fib) - D-Dimer
52
What does Sodium citrate do to prevent clotting
A chelating agent that binds to calcium
53
How long are blue tops good for?
4 hours after collection
54
What liquid or powder anticoagulant is used in green tops
Heparin
55
What is heparin used for?
Plasma studies and Chemistry testing: - Ammonia - Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
56
How does Heparin prevent clotting?
Inhibits the clotting enzyme, thrombin, by creating antithrombin - Antithrombin prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
57
What are red tops used for and what do they contain
- No anticoagulating factors Used for: - Chemistry - Serology - Other test requiring serum
58
What are Serum separator tube (SST)/Gold tops, tiger top, HIV tube (red/yellow) testing for and what do they have for anticoagulants
Does not contain any anticoagulation Primarily for chemistry testing
59
Where are sodium fluoride found in what tube and what do they test for
- Grey top tube | - Used for glucose studies, ETOH level analysis, and Inhibits glycolysis
60
Contraindications for leaving a tourniquet for prolonged situations
Produce measurable increase blood cell concentration (hemoconcentration)
61
What is the fill additive-containing tubes Order
Blood Culture tubes, Blue top, red top, SST, green top, lavender top, and gray top
62
What is the normal WBC count range
4.5-11.0 x 10^3/mm^3
63
What are the critical values for WBC count
Low: <2000/mm^3 High: >30,000/mm^3
64
Neutrophils percentage in the blood
50-70% most abundant
65
Eosinophils in the blood percentage
1-5%
66
Basophils percentage in the blood
0-1%
67
Lymphocytes percentage in the blood
20-40% second most abundant
68
What are the granulocytes
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
69
What are the agranulocytes
Lymphocytes | Monocytes
70
Monocytes percentage in the blood
1-6%
71
Normal range for Male and Female RBC
Male: 4.5-5.9 x 10^6 cells/uL Females: 4.5-5.1 x 10^6 cells/uL
72
What is the Mean Corpuscular Volume. What does it mean when there is an increase of MCV and a decrease of MCV
An estimate of the average volume size of RBC Increase: Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency Decrease: Hgb Synthesis
73
What is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin. What happens if there is a increase and decrease
Amount of Hemoglobin per RBC Increase: Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency Decrease: Iron Deficiency
74
What is the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). What is the normal range and the calculations for it
Average Concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells Normal: 30-35 g/dl Equation: MCHC= Hgb/Hct x100
75
What is the main component of the red blood cell and is a protein that helps transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hemoglobin
76
Normal range for male and female and the critical value of RBC
Males: 14-17.5 g/dL Females: 12.3-15.3 g/dL Critical Value (Low): <8 g/dL
77
What is the ratio of the volume of erythrocytes to that of the whole blood and is 3 times the Hgb
Hematocrit
78
Normal range of Hematocrit for Males and Femals
Male: 42-52% Females: 37-47%
79
Normal range for Platelet count and the Critical value
150,000-400,000 /mm^3 Low: <20,000 /mm^3; Risk of hemorrhage or spontaneous bleeding considered life threatening High: >1,000,000 /mm^3; Risk of Thrombosis
80
What is low WBC and high WBC count and the causes for both
Low: Leukopenia; Bone marrow deficiency or failures, Collagen-vascular disease and Chemo High: Leukocytosis; Sever Emotional or physical stress, Trauma, intense exercise
81
What is used to describe malignant appearing cells and what causes this?
Atypical Lymphocytes Infectious mononucleosis
82
What is eosinophilia
An increase of eosinophils is typical in parasitic infections and allergic disorders
83
Hct value below the reference interval of age and sex
Anemia
84
Hct value above the reference interval of age and sex
Polycythemia
85
What is hypochromasia
Seen in iron deficiency anemia and in thalassemia
86
What color does Granulocytes appear in a QBC star tube
Orange
87
What color does Lymphocytes/monocytes appear in a QBC star stain
Green
88
What color does platelets stain in a QBC star
Yellow
89
What is used to clean a QBC star
10% household bleach and allow to stand 10 min, then rinse with water and dry
Ongoing Meical Care
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